Практика Shadowing: Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Your doctor has recommended the removal of your gallbladder.

But what does that actually mean?

The gallbladder is a small organ located below the liver.

Its function is to store bile used by the intestines to digest food.

Gallstones, small calcified deposits, sometimes form and block the bile ducts, which lead from the gallbladder to the intestines.

In many cases, the problem becomes so severe that the only effective treatment is to remove the entire gallbladder.

This is the most common reason for gallbladder surgery.

Other reasons for removing the gallbladder include chronic or severe infection or the growth of a tumor.

In the case of gallbladder removal, there are no real alternatives to surgery.

Leaving gallstones untreated will lead to discomfort at minimum

and allowing a gallbladder infection or tumor to progress unchecked can put your life at risk.

Because of these risks

it's rare these days for a physician to recommend any treatment other than the surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Surgical procedures performed by making an incision large enough to expose the entire operative area are called open procedures.

Your doctor believes that your medical condition

and overall state of health make you a good candidate for a less intrusive laparoscopic surgery.

A laparoscope is a narrow tube that contains a light source and a small video camera.

Using a laparoscope, the surgeon is able to operate by making one or more very small incisions

through which the sterile laparoscope and possibly other instruments are inserted into the body.

Using the laparoscope's video camera, the surgeon is able to explore and inspect the interior of the abdomen,

often allowing the surgeon to see with greater detail and with more clarity than with the human eye alone.

However, it is important to understand that during the procedure,

your surgical team is always prepared to convert a laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure,

should they feel that your condition requires a more direct approach.

If the surgical team makes this decision,

you will find upon waking up that your doctor has made a larger incision and that healing may proceed more slowly.

Converting to an open procedure will affect the length of your recovery and will probably require hospitalization.

Of course, no surgery is completely risk -free, but your physician believes that if you decide decide not to undergo the recommended procedure,

you may be putting your health at risk.

On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.

You may receive a sedative by mouth, and an intravenous line may be put in.

You will then be transferred to the operating table.

In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia, most probably general anesthesia.

The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin around the area where the incisions will be made.

Place a sterile drape around the operative site.

After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect, a small incision is made above the umbilicus.

Then a hollow needle will be inserted through the abdominal wall and the abdomen will be inflated with carbon dioxide.

An umbilical port is created for the laparoscope.

Three more incisions will be made with care taken to keep the openings as small as possible.

Once in place the laparoscope will provide video images

that allow the surgeon to locate and pull back both the liver and gallbladder.

Next the surgeon removes the connecting tissue in order to expose the cystic duct and cystic artery.

Using clips the surgical team clamps off both the duct

and the artery which are later cut to prepare the gallbladder for removal.

Finally, any remaining tissue connecting the gallbladder to the liver is cut.

The gallbladder is moved into the laparoscopic working port where it is taken out of the body.

All of the instruments are withdrawn the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape, the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together,

and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.

Finally, sterile dressings are applied.

Most patients experience at least some pain following surgery, but

if properly handled it shouldn't present any serious problems pain used

to be regarded as an unavoidable side effect of surgery

but today pain can be managed with great effectiveness

and as the patient

you have an important role to play before surgery be sure to ask the medical staff about the type

and duration of pain normally associated with your surgery.

Find out in advance about your pain management options.

Work with the staff to develop a pain management plan.

Discuss your options.

There are alternatives to drugs that can lessen your need for pain medication.

Ask your doctor for help in finding a pain management class.

Many of these workshops teach helpful relaxation techniques,

positive thinking, and nerve stimulation exercises.

Following surgery make sure to let your nurse know right away how you're feeling

and whether or not you are in any pain.

Be specific and help them to measure your discomfort.

If you're having trouble expressing yourself try to rank what you're

feeling on a scale from one to ten never be shy about asking for help

if you experience pain

that just won't go away report it to the nurse pain is an important indicator

that helps you and your medical staff understand your body's healing process gallbladder surgery only rarely leads to complications.

The first is a persistent residual neuralgia or pain around the scar.

It can be either localized or general.

It may develop soon after surgery or even weeks or months later.

Usually it will decrease in intensity with time but in very rare situations it can become permanent.

More frequently Additionally, patients report achiness in the shoulders and chest.

This is caused by the body's reaction to the carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen,

and it will clear up in a matter of a few days.

A more serious complication comes from accidentally damaging the bile duct, but these are very rare occurrences.

Finally, as mentioned earlier, the surgical team may decide to end the laparoscopic procedure and convert to an open surgery.

Thank you.

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FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature». Чаще всего повторяются слова: gallbladder, surgery, pain, procedure, surgical. В этом видео 81 предложений и 1029 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:48. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 117 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
procedure существительное	/pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/	процеду́ра, ме́тод
surgical прилагательное	/ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/	хирурги́ческий
surgeon существительное	/ˈsɝd͡ʒən/	хиру́рг
removal существительное	/ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/	удаление
duct существительное	/dʌkt/	кана́л, труба́
tissue существительное	/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/	ткань
convert глагол	/kənˈvɝt/	превраща́ть, преврати́ть
dioxide существительное	/daɪˈɑksaɪd/	диокси́д, двуо́кись
abdomen существительное	/ˈæb.də.mən/	живо́т
nurse существительное	/nɝs/	медсестра́, сиде́лка
connect глагол	/kəˈnɛkt/	свя́зывать, связа́ть
infection существительное	/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/	инфе́кция, зараже́ние
instrument существительное	/ˈɪnstɹəmənt/	прибо́р, устро́йство
physician существительное	/fəˈzɪʃən/	врач, врачи́ха
heal глагол	/ˈhiːl/	лечи́ть, вы́лечить

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Произношение	Значение
go away глагол		уходи́ть, уйти́
wake up глагол	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	просыпа́ться, просну́ться

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	are called · are inserted · will be asked
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	has recommended · has made

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 5 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, shouldn't, won't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: workshop /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: heal /ˈhiːl/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hollow /ˈhɑloʊ/, hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, tube /tuːb/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как procedure, surgical, surgeon.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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