Prática de Shadowing: Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Your doctor has recommended the removal of your gallbladder.
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But what does that actually mean?
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The gallbladder is a small organ located below the liver.
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Its function is to store bile used by the intestines to digest food.
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Gallstones, small calcified deposits, sometimes form and block the bile ducts, which lead from the gallbladder to the intestines.
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In many cases, the problem becomes so severe that the only effective treatment is to remove the entire gallbladder.
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This is the most common reason for gallbladder surgery.
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Other reasons for removing the gallbladder include chronic or severe infection or the growth of a tumor.
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In the case of gallbladder removal, there are no real alternatives to surgery.
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Leaving gallstones untreated will lead to discomfort at minimum
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and allowing a gallbladder infection or tumor to progress unchecked can put your life at risk.
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Because of these risks
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it's rare these days for a physician to recommend any treatment other than the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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Surgical procedures performed by making an incision large enough to expose the entire operative area are called open procedures.
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Your doctor believes that your medical condition
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and overall state of health make you a good candidate for a less intrusive laparoscopic surgery.
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A laparoscope is a narrow tube that contains a light source and a small video camera.
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Using a laparoscope, the surgeon is able to operate by making one or more very small incisions
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through which the sterile laparoscope and possibly other instruments are inserted into the body.
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Using the laparoscope's video camera, the surgeon is able to explore and inspect the interior of the abdomen,
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often allowing the surgeon to see with greater detail and with more clarity than with the human eye alone.
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However, it is important to understand that during the procedure,
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your surgical team is always prepared to convert a laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure,
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should they feel that your condition requires a more direct approach.
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If the surgical team makes this decision,
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you will find upon waking up that your doctor has made a larger incision and that healing may proceed more slowly.
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Converting to an open procedure will affect the length of your recovery and will probably require hospitalization.
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Of course, no surgery is completely risk -free, but your physician believes that if you decide decide not to undergo the recommended procedure,
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you may be putting your health at risk.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth, and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia, most probably general anesthesia.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin around the area where the incisions will be made.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect, a small incision is made above the umbilicus.
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Then a hollow needle will be inserted through the abdominal wall and the abdomen will be inflated with carbon dioxide.
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An umbilical port is created for the laparoscope.
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Three more incisions will be made with care taken to keep the openings as small as possible.
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Once in place the laparoscope will provide video images
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that allow the surgeon to locate and pull back both the liver and gallbladder.
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Next the surgeon removes the connecting tissue in order to expose the cystic duct and cystic artery.
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Using clips the surgical team clamps off both the duct
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and the artery which are later cut to prepare the gallbladder for removal.
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Finally, any remaining tissue connecting the gallbladder to the liver is cut.
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The gallbladder is moved into the laparoscopic working port where it is taken out of the body.
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All of the instruments are withdrawn the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape, the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together,
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and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, sterile dressings are applied.
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Most patients experience at least some pain following surgery, but
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if properly handled it shouldn't present any serious problems pain used
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to be regarded as an unavoidable side effect of surgery
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but today pain can be managed with great effectiveness
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and as the patient
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you have an important role to play before surgery be sure to ask the medical staff about the type
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and duration of pain normally associated with your surgery.
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Find out in advance about your pain management options.
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Work with the staff to develop a pain management plan.
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Discuss your options.
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There are alternatives to drugs that can lessen your need for pain medication.
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Ask your doctor for help in finding a pain management class.
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Many of these workshops teach helpful relaxation techniques,
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positive thinking, and nerve stimulation exercises.
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Following surgery make sure to let your nurse know right away how you're feeling
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and whether or not you are in any pain.
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Be specific and help them to measure your discomfort.
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If you're having trouble expressing yourself try to rank what you're
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feeling on a scale from one to ten never be shy about asking for help
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if you experience pain
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that just won't go away report it to the nurse pain is an important indicator
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that helps you and your medical staff understand your body's healing process gallbladder surgery only rarely leads to complications.
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The first is a persistent residual neuralgia or pain around the scar.
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It can be either localized or general.
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It may develop soon after surgery or even weeks or months later.
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Usually it will decrease in intensity with time but in very rare situations it can become permanent.
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More frequently Additionally, patients report achiness in the shoulders and chest.
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This is caused by the body's reaction to the carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen,
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and it will clear up in a matter of a few days.
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A more serious complication comes from accidentally damaging the bile duct, but these are very rare occurrences.
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Finally, as mentioned earlier, the surgical team may decide to end the laparoscopic procedure and convert to an open surgery.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature”. As palavras que mais se repetem: gallbladder, surgery, pain, procedure, surgical. Este vídeo tem 81 frases e 1029 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:48. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 117 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| procedure substantivo | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | procedimento |
| surgical adjetivo | /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ | cirúrgico |
| surgeon substantivo | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | cirurgião |
| removal substantivo | /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ | remoção, eliminação |
| duct substantivo | /dʌkt/ | duto, tubo |
| tissue substantivo | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tecido |
| convert verbo | /kənˈvɝt/ | converter, transformar |
| dioxide substantivo | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | bióxido |
| abdomen substantivo | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | abdômen, abdómen |
| nurse substantivo | /nɝs/ | enfermeira, enfermeiro |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| infection substantivo | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | infecção, infeccionamento |
| instrument substantivo | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | instrumento, aparelho |
| physician substantivo | /fəˈzɪʃən/ | doutor, médico |
| heal verbo | /ˈhiːl/ | curar, sanar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go away verbo | sair, partir | |
| wake up verbo | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | acordar, despertar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are called · are inserted · will be asked |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has recommended · has made |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, shouldn't, won't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: duct /dʌkt/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: surgical /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, heal /ˈhiːl/, muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/, needle /ˈniː.dəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: heal /ˈhiːl/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hollow /ˈhɑloʊ/, hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como procedure, surgical, surgeon.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.