Pratique du Shadowing: Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Your doctor has recommended the removal of your gallbladder.
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But what does that actually mean?
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The gallbladder is a small organ located below the liver.
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Its function is to store bile used by the intestines to digest food.
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Gallstones, small calcified deposits, sometimes form and block the bile ducts, which lead from the gallbladder to the intestines.
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In many cases, the problem becomes so severe that the only effective treatment is to remove the entire gallbladder.
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This is the most common reason for gallbladder surgery.
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Other reasons for removing the gallbladder include chronic or severe infection or the growth of a tumor.
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In the case of gallbladder removal, there are no real alternatives to surgery.
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Leaving gallstones untreated will lead to discomfort at minimum
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and allowing a gallbladder infection or tumor to progress unchecked can put your life at risk.
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Because of these risks
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it's rare these days for a physician to recommend any treatment other than the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
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Surgical procedures performed by making an incision large enough to expose the entire operative area are called open procedures.
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Your doctor believes that your medical condition
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and overall state of health make you a good candidate for a less intrusive laparoscopic surgery.
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A laparoscope is a narrow tube that contains a light source and a small video camera.
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Using a laparoscope, the surgeon is able to operate by making one or more very small incisions
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through which the sterile laparoscope and possibly other instruments are inserted into the body.
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Using the laparoscope's video camera, the surgeon is able to explore and inspect the interior of the abdomen,
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often allowing the surgeon to see with greater detail and with more clarity than with the human eye alone.
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However, it is important to understand that during the procedure,
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your surgical team is always prepared to convert a laparoscopic procedure to an open procedure,
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should they feel that your condition requires a more direct approach.
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If the surgical team makes this decision,
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you will find upon waking up that your doctor has made a larger incision and that healing may proceed more slowly.
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Converting to an open procedure will affect the length of your recovery and will probably require hospitalization.
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Of course, no surgery is completely risk -free, but your physician believes that if you decide decide not to undergo the recommended procedure,
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you may be putting your health at risk.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth, and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia, most probably general anesthesia.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin around the area where the incisions will be made.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect, a small incision is made above the umbilicus.
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Then a hollow needle will be inserted through the abdominal wall and the abdomen will be inflated with carbon dioxide.
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An umbilical port is created for the laparoscope.
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Three more incisions will be made with care taken to keep the openings as small as possible.
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Once in place the laparoscope will provide video images
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that allow the surgeon to locate and pull back both the liver and gallbladder.
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Next the surgeon removes the connecting tissue in order to expose the cystic duct and cystic artery.
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Using clips the surgical team clamps off both the duct
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and the artery which are later cut to prepare the gallbladder for removal.
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Finally, any remaining tissue connecting the gallbladder to the liver is cut.
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The gallbladder is moved into the laparoscopic working port where it is taken out of the body.
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All of the instruments are withdrawn the carbon dioxide is allowed to escape, the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together,
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and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, sterile dressings are applied.
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Most patients experience at least some pain following surgery, but
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if properly handled it shouldn't present any serious problems pain used
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to be regarded as an unavoidable side effect of surgery
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but today pain can be managed with great effectiveness
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and as the patient
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you have an important role to play before surgery be sure to ask the medical staff about the type
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and duration of pain normally associated with your surgery.
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Find out in advance about your pain management options.
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Work with the staff to develop a pain management plan.
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Discuss your options.
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There are alternatives to drugs that can lessen your need for pain medication.
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Ask your doctor for help in finding a pain management class.
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Many of these workshops teach helpful relaxation techniques,
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positive thinking, and nerve stimulation exercises.
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Following surgery make sure to let your nurse know right away how you're feeling
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and whether or not you are in any pain.
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Be specific and help them to measure your discomfort.
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If you're having trouble expressing yourself try to rank what you're
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feeling on a scale from one to ten never be shy about asking for help
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if you experience pain
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that just won't go away report it to the nurse pain is an important indicator
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that helps you and your medical staff understand your body's healing process gallbladder surgery only rarely leads to complications.
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The first is a persistent residual neuralgia or pain around the scar.
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It can be either localized or general.
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It may develop soon after surgery or even weeks or months later.
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Usually it will decrease in intensity with time but in very rare situations it can become permanent.
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More frequently Additionally, patients report achiness in the shoulders and chest.
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This is caused by the body's reaction to the carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen,
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and it will clear up in a matter of a few days.
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A more serious complication comes from accidentally damaging the bile duct, but these are very rare occurrences.
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Finally, as mentioned earlier, the surgical team may decide to end the laparoscopic procedure and convert to an open surgery.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Gallbladder Removal Laparoscopic PreOp® Patient Education Feature ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : gallbladder, surgery, pain, procedure, surgical. Cette vidéo contient 81 phrases et 1029 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:48. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 117 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| procedure nom | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | procédé, procédure |
| surgical adjectif | /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ | chirurgical |
| surgeon nom | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | chirurgien, chirurgienne |
| removal nom | /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ | enlèvement, élimination |
| duct nom | /dʌkt/ | tuyau, conduit |
| tissue nom | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tissu |
| convert verbe | /kənˈvɝt/ | convertir |
| dioxide nom | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | dioxyde |
| abdomen nom | /ˈæb.də.mən/ | abdomen |
| nurse nom | /nɝs/ | infirmière, infirmier |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| infection nom | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | infection |
| instrument nom | /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ | instrument de mesure |
| physician nom | /fəˈzɪʃən/ | médecin, docteur |
| heal verbe | /ˈhiːl/ | guérir, assainir |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| go away verbe | partir, s'en aller | |
| wake up verbe | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | se réveiller |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are called · are inserted · will be asked |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has recommended · has made |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, shouldn't, won't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: heal /ˈhiːl/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hollow /ˈhɑloʊ/, hospitalization /ˌhɑ(ː)s.pɪ.tə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/, surgical /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/, surgeon /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, digest /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/, tumor /tuː.məɹ/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme procedure, surgical, surgeon.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.