Pratique du Shadowing: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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40 phrases
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Your doctor has told you that you have a hernia.
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But what does that actually mean?
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In general terms, we can say that a hernia occurs when the layers that make up the abdominal wall weaken.
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In other words, the fabric of muscle and other tissues which protect the gut develops a defect or weakness.
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Through that defect, the peritoneum and perhaps other organs push their way outward,
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forming a lump which can be felt and sometimes seen protruding from the abdomen.
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During normal childhood development, boys' testes slowly descend from the interior of the abdomen down into the scrotum.
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They pass through the abdominal wall by way of a natural passageway called the inguinal canal.
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In men, the inguinal canal contains blood vessels
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that supply the testes as well as the vessel that carry sperm to the penis.
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Hernias that occur due to a weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal are called inguinal hernias.
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And not surprisingly, men are 25 times more likely than women to experience a hernia in this area.
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Some inguinal hernias press directly through the floor of the inguinal canal.
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Others follow the route taken by the blood vessels that supply the testes.
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This kind of hernia, called an indirect hernia, can even push all the way into the scrotum.
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Hernias become more serious problems if abdominal contents, such as part of the small intestine or another organ,
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slide into the hernia sac and become trapped there.
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If those organs cannot slide easily back into the abdomen, the hernia is said to be irreducible.
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Irreducible hernias are often painful and can lead to complications.
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For example, if the intestine becomes trapped in the hernia sac, it is said to be incarcerated.
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If the neck of the hernia sac actually pinches off the supply of blood to those organs, which have become trapped inside,
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the hernia is said to be strangulated.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin over for the hernia.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site and we'll inject a local anesthetic.
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Usually the surgeon will inject more than one spot to make sure that the entire area is thoroughly numb.
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Or in the case of a spinal, the anesthetic will be injected into the small of your back.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect,
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the surgeon will make a shallow incision three to five inches in length directly over the hernia.
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The next incision dissects through the inguinal canal itself and reveals the hernia sac, which is simply the peritoneum that lines the inside of the abdomen.
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The surgeon gently pushes the contents of the sac back into the abdomen.
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Next, the opening at the neck of the peritoneum is tied and the hernia sac is removed.
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The The pulmonal canal itself is closed with sutures.
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These dissolve over time and do not need to be removed.
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Any defect or weakness in the muscle tissue needs to be repaired in order to reduce the risk of reoccurrence.
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Occasionally, the surgeon will use a mesh patch to help reinforce this area.
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Then the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, a sterile dressing is applied.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 40 phrases et 584 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:19. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 136 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 71 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots moins courants de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
- canal /kəˈnæl/ (nom) — canal. An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
- surgeon /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ (nom) — chirurgien, chirurgienne. One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.
- abdomen /ˈæb.də.mən/ (nom) — abdomen. The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac…
- organ /ˈɔːɡən/ (nom) — organe. The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
- abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ (adjectif) — abdominal. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral.
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (nom) — muscle. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- trap /tɹæp/ (nom) — piège, collet. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (nom) — tissu. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
- vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (nom) — vaisseau. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.
- weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/ (nom) — faiblesse. The condition of being weak.
- defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/ (nom) — défaut. A fault or malfunction.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (verbe) — se produire, avoir lieu. To happen or take place.
- layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (nom) — couche. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
- slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (nom) — toboggan, glissoire. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
- reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/ (verbe) — révéler. To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
- make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (verbe) — constituer, composer. To constitute, to compose.
- pass through (verbe) — traverser. To go through, to travel through, to transit or lie across a place or from one place to another.
- put in (verbe) — mettre, insérer. To place inside.
- put on /ˌpʊt ˈɒn/ (verbe) — mettre, enfiler. To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, mesh /mɛʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/, peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme canal, surgeon, abdomen.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be felt · are called · is said |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | lump which can · organs, which have · sac, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has told · have become |
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.