Shadowing Practice: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Your doctor has told you that you have a hernia.
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But what does that actually mean?
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In general terms, we can say that a hernia occurs when the layers that make up the abdominal wall weaken.
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In other words, the fabric of muscle and other tissues which protect the gut develops a defect or weakness.
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Through that defect, the peritoneum and perhaps other organs push their way outward,
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forming a lump which can be felt and sometimes seen protruding from the abdomen.
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During normal childhood development, boys' testes slowly descend from the interior of the abdomen down into the scrotum.
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They pass through the abdominal wall by way of a natural passageway called the inguinal canal.
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In men, the inguinal canal contains blood vessels
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that supply the testes as well as the vessel that carry sperm to the penis.
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Hernias that occur due to a weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal are called inguinal hernias.
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And not surprisingly, men are 25 times more likely than women to experience a hernia in this area.
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Some inguinal hernias press directly through the floor of the inguinal canal.
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Others follow the route taken by the blood vessels that supply the testes.
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This kind of hernia, called an indirect hernia, can even push all the way into the scrotum.
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Hernias become more serious problems if abdominal contents, such as part of the small intestine or another organ,
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slide into the hernia sac and become trapped there.
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If those organs cannot slide easily back into the abdomen, the hernia is said to be irreducible.
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Irreducible hernias are often painful and can lead to complications.
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For example, if the intestine becomes trapped in the hernia sac, it is said to be incarcerated.
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If the neck of the hernia sac actually pinches off the supply of blood to those organs, which have become trapped inside,
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the hernia is said to be strangulated.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin over for the hernia.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site and we'll inject a local anesthetic.
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Usually the surgeon will inject more than one spot to make sure that the entire area is thoroughly numb.
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Or in the case of a spinal, the anesthetic will be injected into the small of your back.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect,
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the surgeon will make a shallow incision three to five inches in length directly over the hernia.
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The next incision dissects through the inguinal canal itself and reveals the hernia sac, which is simply the peritoneum that lines the inside of the abdomen.
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The surgeon gently pushes the contents of the sac back into the abdomen.
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Next, the opening at the neck of the peritoneum is tied and the hernia sac is removed.
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The The pulmonal canal itself is closed with sutures.
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These dissolve over time and do not need to be removed.
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Any defect or weakness in the muscle tissue needs to be repaired in order to reduce the risk of reoccurrence.
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Occasionally, the surgeon will use a mesh patch to help reinforce this area.
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Then the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, a sterile dressing is applied.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 40 frases y 584 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:19. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 136 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 71 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras menos comunes del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
- canal /kəˈnæl/ (sustantivo) — canal, caz. An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
- surgeon /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ (sustantivo) — cirujano, cirujana. One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.
- abdomen /ˈæb.də.mən/ (sustantivo) — abdomen, vientre. The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac…
- organ /ˈɔːɡən/ (sustantivo) — órgano. The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
- abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ (adjetivo) — abdominal. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral.
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (sustantivo) — músculo. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- trap /tɹæp/ (sustantivo) — trampa, cepo. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (sustantivo) — tejido. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
- vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (sustantivo) — embarcación, barco. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.
- weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/ (sustantivo) — debilidad, flaqueza. The condition of being weak.
- defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/ (sustantivo) — falla, tacha. A fault or malfunction.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (verbo) — ocurrir. To happen or take place.
- layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (sustantivo) — capa, tongada. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
- slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (sustantivo) — tobogán, resbaladilla. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
- reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/ (verbo) — revelar, propalar. To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
- make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (verbo) — reponer, suplir. To constitute, to compose.
- pass through (verbo) — atravesar. To go through, to travel through, to transit or lie across a place or from one place to another.
- put in (verbo) — meter. To place inside.
- put on /ˌpʊt ˈɒn/ (verbo) — ponerse. To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, mesh /mɛʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/, peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como canal, surgeon, abdomen.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | can be felt · are called · is said |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | lump which can · organs, which have · sac, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has told · have become |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.