Shadowing Practice: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Your doctor has told you that you have a hernia.
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But what does that actually mean?
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In general terms, we can say that a hernia occurs when the layers that make up the abdominal wall weaken.
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In other words, the fabric of muscle and other tissues which protect the gut develops a defect or weakness.
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Through that defect, the peritoneum and perhaps other organs push their way outward,
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forming a lump which can be felt and sometimes seen protruding from the abdomen.
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During normal childhood development, boys' testes slowly descend from the interior of the abdomen down into the scrotum.
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They pass through the abdominal wall by way of a natural passageway called the inguinal canal.
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In men, the inguinal canal contains blood vessels
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that supply the testes as well as the vessel that carry sperm to the penis.
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Hernias that occur due to a weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal are called inguinal hernias.
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And not surprisingly, men are 25 times more likely than women to experience a hernia in this area.
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Some inguinal hernias press directly through the floor of the inguinal canal.
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Others follow the route taken by the blood vessels that supply the testes.
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This kind of hernia, called an indirect hernia, can even push all the way into the scrotum.
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Hernias become more serious problems if abdominal contents, such as part of the small intestine or another organ,
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slide into the hernia sac and become trapped there.
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If those organs cannot slide easily back into the abdomen, the hernia is said to be irreducible.
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Irreducible hernias are often painful and can lead to complications.
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For example, if the intestine becomes trapped in the hernia sac, it is said to be incarcerated.
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If the neck of the hernia sac actually pinches off the supply of blood to those organs, which have become trapped inside,
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the hernia is said to be strangulated.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin over for the hernia.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site and we'll inject a local anesthetic.
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Usually the surgeon will inject more than one spot to make sure that the entire area is thoroughly numb.
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Or in the case of a spinal, the anesthetic will be injected into the small of your back.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect,
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the surgeon will make a shallow incision three to five inches in length directly over the hernia.
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The next incision dissects through the inguinal canal itself and reveals the hernia sac, which is simply the peritoneum that lines the inside of the abdomen.
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The surgeon gently pushes the contents of the sac back into the abdomen.
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Next, the opening at the neck of the peritoneum is tied and the hernia sac is removed.
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The The pulmonal canal itself is closed with sutures.
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These dissolve over time and do not need to be removed.
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Any defect or weakness in the muscle tissue needs to be repaired in order to reduce the risk of reoccurrence.
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Occasionally, the surgeon will use a mesh patch to help reinforce this area.
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Then the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, a sterile dressing is applied.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 40 zinnen en 584 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:19. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 136 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 71% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
- canal /kəˈnæl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — kanaal, vaart. An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
- surgeon /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — chirurg. One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.
- abdomen /ˈæb.də.mən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — onderbuik, abdomen. The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac…
- organ /ˈɔːɡən/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — orgaan. The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
- abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — abdominaal, buik-. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral.
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — spier. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- trap /tɹæp/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — val. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — weefsel. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
- vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — vaartuig. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.
- weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — zwakte. The condition of being weak.
- defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — gebrek, mankement. A fault or malfunction.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (werkwoord) — plaatsvinden. To happen or take place.
- layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — laag. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
- slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — glijbaan, schuifaf. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
- reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/ (werkwoord) — onthullen, zich ontpoppen. To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
- put on /ˌpʊt ˈɒn/ (werkwoord) — aantrekken, opzetten (headgear). To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De “th”-klanken: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, mesh /mɛʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/, peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als canal, surgeon, abdomen.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | can be felt · are called · is said |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | lump which can · organs, which have · sac, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has told · have become |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.