Shadowing Practice: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Your doctor has told you that you have a hernia.
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But what does that actually mean?
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In general terms, we can say that a hernia occurs when the layers that make up the abdominal wall weaken.
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In other words, the fabric of muscle and other tissues which protect the gut develops a defect or weakness.
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Through that defect, the peritoneum and perhaps other organs push their way outward,
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forming a lump which can be felt and sometimes seen protruding from the abdomen.
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During normal childhood development, boys' testes slowly descend from the interior of the abdomen down into the scrotum.
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They pass through the abdominal wall by way of a natural passageway called the inguinal canal.
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In men, the inguinal canal contains blood vessels
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that supply the testes as well as the vessel that carry sperm to the penis.
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Hernias that occur due to a weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal are called inguinal hernias.
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And not surprisingly, men are 25 times more likely than women to experience a hernia in this area.
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Some inguinal hernias press directly through the floor of the inguinal canal.
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Others follow the route taken by the blood vessels that supply the testes.
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This kind of hernia, called an indirect hernia, can even push all the way into the scrotum.
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Hernias become more serious problems if abdominal contents, such as part of the small intestine or another organ,
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slide into the hernia sac and become trapped there.
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If those organs cannot slide easily back into the abdomen, the hernia is said to be irreducible.
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Irreducible hernias are often painful and can lead to complications.
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For example, if the intestine becomes trapped in the hernia sac, it is said to be incarcerated.
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If the neck of the hernia sac actually pinches off the supply of blood to those organs, which have become trapped inside,
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the hernia is said to be strangulated.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
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You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
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You will then be transferred to the operating table.
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The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin over for the hernia.
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Place a sterile drape around the operative site and we'll inject a local anesthetic.
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Usually the surgeon will inject more than one spot to make sure that the entire area is thoroughly numb.
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Or in the case of a spinal, the anesthetic will be injected into the small of your back.
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After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect,
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the surgeon will make a shallow incision three to five inches in length directly over the hernia.
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The next incision dissects through the inguinal canal itself and reveals the hernia sac, which is simply the peritoneum that lines the inside of the abdomen.
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The surgeon gently pushes the contents of the sac back into the abdomen.
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Next, the opening at the neck of the peritoneum is tied and the hernia sac is removed.
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The The pulmonal canal itself is closed with sutures.
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These dissolve over time and do not need to be removed.
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Any defect or weakness in the muscle tissue needs to be repaired in order to reduce the risk of reoccurrence.
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Occasionally, the surgeon will use a mesh patch to help reinforce this area.
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Then the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.
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Finally, a sterile dressing is applied.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 40 cümle ve 584 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:19 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 136 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %71’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan daha az kullanılan 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
- canal /kəˈnæl/ (isim) — ark, kanal. An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
- surgeon /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ (isim) — cerrah. One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.
- abdomen /ˈæb.də.mən/ (isim) — karın. The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac…
- organ /ˈɔːɡən/ (isim) — organ. The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
- abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ (sıfat) — karın ile ilgili. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral.
- muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (isim) — kas, adale. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
- trap /tɹæp/ (isim) — tuzak, kapan. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ (isim) — tekne, gemi. Any craft designed for transportation on or in water, such as a ship, boat, or submarine.
- weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/ (isim) — sıskalık, zayıflık. The condition of being weak.
- defect /ˈdiːfɛkt/ (isim) — eksik, kusur. A fault or malfunction.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (fiil) — olmak. To happen or take place.
- layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (isim) — katman, tabaka. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
- slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (isim) — kaydırak. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
- reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/ (fiil) — açığa vurmak. To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.
- repair /ˈɹiːpɛɚ/ (fiil) — onarmak, tamir etmek. To restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to mend; to remedy.
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
- put in (fiil) — sokmak. To place inside.
- put on /ˌpʊt ˈɒn/ (fiil) — giymek. To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “th” sesleri: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, mesh /mɛʃ/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, operative /ˈɑpəɹətɪv/, anesthetic /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/, peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; canal, surgeon, abdomen gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | can be felt · are called · is said |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | lump which can · organs, which have · sac, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has told · have become |
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.