تدريب Shadowing: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

Your doctor has told you that you have a hernia.

But what does that actually mean?

In general terms, we can say that a hernia occurs when the layers that make up the abdominal wall weaken.

In other words, the fabric of muscle and other tissues which protect the gut develops a defect or weakness.

Through that defect, the peritoneum and perhaps other organs push their way outward,

forming a lump which can be felt and sometimes seen protruding from the abdomen.

During normal childhood development, boys' testes slowly descend from the interior of the abdomen down into the scrotum.

They pass through the abdominal wall by way of a natural passageway called the inguinal canal.

In men, the inguinal canal contains blood vessels

that supply the testes as well as the vessel that carry sperm to the penis.

Hernias that occur due to a weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal are called inguinal hernias.

And not surprisingly, men are 25 times more likely than women to experience a hernia in this area.

Some inguinal hernias press directly through the floor of the inguinal canal.

Others follow the route taken by the blood vessels that supply the testes.

This kind of hernia, called an indirect hernia, can even push all the way into the scrotum.

Hernias become more serious problems if abdominal contents, such as part of the small intestine or another organ,

slide into the hernia sac and become trapped there.

If those organs cannot slide easily back into the abdomen, the hernia is said to be irreducible.

Irreducible hernias are often painful and can lead to complications.

For example, if the intestine becomes trapped in the hernia sac, it is said to be incarcerated.

If the neck of the hernia sac actually pinches off the supply of blood to those organs, which have become trapped inside,

the hernia is said to be strangulated.

On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.

You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.

You will then be transferred to the operating table.

The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin over for the hernia.

Place a sterile drape around the operative site and we'll inject a local anesthetic.

Usually the surgeon will inject more than one spot to make sure that the entire area is thoroughly numb.

Or in the case of a spinal, the anesthetic will be injected into the small of your back.

After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect,

the surgeon will make a shallow incision three to five inches in length directly over the hernia.

The next incision dissects through the inguinal canal itself and reveals the hernia sac, which is simply the peritoneum that lines the inside of the abdomen.

The surgeon gently pushes the contents of the sac back into the abdomen.

Next, the opening at the neck of the peritoneum is tied and the hernia sac is removed.

The The pulmonal canal itself is closed with sutures.

These dissolve over time and do not need to be removed.

Any defect or weakness in the muscle tissue needs to be repaired in order to reduce the risk of reoccurrence.

Occasionally, the surgeon will use a mesh patch to help reinforce this area.

Then the muscle layers and other tissues are sewn together and the skin is closed with sutures or staples.

Finally, a sterile dressing is applied.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تدريب Shadowing: Hernia Repair Inguinal (Open) Surgery Patient Education - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟