跟读练习: The Internet is Worse Than Ever – Now What? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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In 2022, nearly half of Americans expected a civil war in the next few years.
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One in five now believes political violence is justified.
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And it's not just the US, but around the world.
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People increasingly see themselves as part of opposing teams.
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There are many different reasons for this, but one gets blamed a lot.
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Social media.
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Social media divides us, makes us more extreme and less empathetic.
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It riles us up or sucks us into doom-scrolling, making us stressed and depressed.
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It feels like we need to touch grass and escape to the real world.
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New research shows that we might have largely misinterpreted why this is the case.
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It turns out that the social media internet may uniquely undermine the way our brains work, but not in the way you think.
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The myth of the filter bubble.
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You've probably heard about online filter bubbles.
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give you exactly what you want or what they think you want.
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You only see information that shows you opinions that agree with yours, while dissenting opinions or information are filtered out.
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Since you only see content close to your world view, more extreme and toxic opinions suddenly seem less extreme.
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You're trapped in a radicalizing filter bubble and your view of the world becomes narrower and more extreme.
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But is that true?
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Extreme filter bubbles seem to be rather rare.
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Studies that investigated what people actually look at online, or are shown by search engines, found little evidence that you are ideologically isolated.
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It's the exact opposite.
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Online you are constantly confronted with opinions and worldviews that are not your own.
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It turns out that the place where you are the most ideologically isolated is your real life, in the real world, with real people.
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Your real world interactions with your friends, family, colleagues and neighbors are much less diverse than your online bubble.
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The filter bubble exists in your real life, not online.
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Okay, wait.
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Online filter bubbles have been the prevailing explanation as to why
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we've all started hating each other more over the last two decades.
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If that's not the case, shouldn't the internet open our minds and make us more empathetic with each other?
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Unfortunately, your brain is stupid it.
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Your brain is stupid.
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Human brains didn't evolve to understand the true nature of reality, but to navigate and maintain social structures.
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Our ancestors desperately needed each other to survive, so our brains had to make sure we cooperated.
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That's why social isolation or exclusion feels so horrible, because it was actually life-threatening.
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A tribe that that worked together survived.
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A divided tribe died.
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The way communities worked for thousands of years is that sure, you may have disliked a neighbor, but because you lived close to each other, you also rooted for the same sports club or saw them at church.
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You both thought that the people from the other village were idiots.
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Being physically close made you familiar and created similarities that bridge the gap of different worldviews so you didn't murder each other.
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And your worldview was probably not that different in the first place because it was formed by the same local culture.
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When our brains evolved, this was enough.
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Whoever was around was similar to us.
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liked what was similar to us.
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This kept us aligned enough to work together despite our differences.
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As humanity moved on from small tribes to towns and cities, from chiefdoms to kingdoms to nations,
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our brains and our communities had to adapt to more diverse sets of neighbors.
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We began to meet on the town square or in universities where we argued and screamed at each other, but in the grand scheme of things, communities were still relatively isolated,
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we were still pretty similar and aligned with the people around us.
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Conflict and disagreement are not a bad thing per se.
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Tension over how we should live can create new and wonderful things.
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Our values, norms and taboos are always evolving and whatever we think is normal today will not be normal in the future.
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But we also need social glue to hold our societies together
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because our brains don't care about the meta-level of humanity but about being safe in a tribe.
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Until about 20 years ago, we did something truly new that hit our brains like a freight train.
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The social media internet, the digital town square.
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Don't you dare disagree with me.
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Social sorting.
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In a nutshell, our brains are not able to process the amount of disagreement we encounter on the social internet.
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The very mechanisms
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that made it possible for our ancestors to work together in
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the first place are derailed in ways we were not prepared for.
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Whether you want it to or not, your brain sorts people by worldviews and opinions into teams.
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This is not simply tribalism, it goes further.
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Researchers have called this process social sorting.
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On the digital town square, you encounter people that express opinions or share information that clash with your worldview.
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But unlike your neighbor, they don't root for your local sports club.
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You're missing the local social glue your brain needs to align with them.
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your brain, the disagreement between yourself and them becomes a central part of their identity.
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And this makes it less likely that you will seriously consider their position or opinion in the future.
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If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to believe it uncritically.
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On the flip side, there are people who share your worldview
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and are maybe even more similar to you than many people in your real life, which makes your brain like them a lot and kind of hyper-align with them.
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People who think like you are probably good people
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because you're a good person and whatever social group you belong to is good.
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So your brain is more likely to believe their opinions.
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If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to dismiss it uncritically.
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The engagement driven social internet makes it worse because it wants to keep you online as long as possible.
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And the most engaging emotion is, unfortunately, anger.
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The more angry you get, the more likely you are to share and engage.
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And this leads to social media amplifying the most extreme and controversial opinions.
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It optimizes not only to show us disagreement, but the worst disagreement possible.
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And because your stupid brain is sorting people into teams, whatever the worst opinions are, it assigns the same opinions to everybody on the other team.
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What's striking and new about online polarization is that all the aspects of our lives that make us individuals, our lifestyle choices, the comedians or shows we watch,
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our religion, sense of fashion and so on, are condensed, making it seem that they're parts of opposing and mutually exclusive identities.
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This simplifies and distorts disagreements about how we should run society
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so much that it often seems as if the people on the other team are actively, willfully making the world worse.
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That they are almost evil beyond convincing with rationality, facts or civil discussion.
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While you are of course on the correct team, it may be hard to process that you may seem like that to people on the other team.
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On a societal level, this is dissolving the social glue that's the foundation of our democracies.
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If we think our neighbors are evil, how can we live together?
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This is especially bad in the US, where the two-party system makes it extra easy to think of people in terms of teams.
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Negative opinion about the other party has reached record highs.
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Okay, is there something we can learn from this?
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Is there something we can do?
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Something more positive?
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Opinion part.
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In the end, it's important to be aware of what social media does to your brain.
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It's easier to change yourself than to change the world, so you can self-examine why you believe the things you believe,
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and whether you dismiss or believe information based on who the person is who is stating that information.
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The internet comes with a lot of ups and downs, and just like we had to adapt from living in small tribes to living in cities,
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we need to adapt to the information age where we have access to billions of people.
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Evolution is too slow, so we need to find models that work with what our brains are able to tolerate.
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One model that seemed to work well was the pre-social media internet old people might remember.
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Bulletin boards, forums, blogs.
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The main difference to today was two-fault.
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For one, there were no algorithms fighting to keep you online at any cost.
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At some point you were done with the internet for the day, as mind-blowing as this may sound.
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But more importantly, the old internet was very fractured, split into thousands of different communities, like small villages gathering around shared beliefs and interests.
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These villages were separated from each other by digital rivers or mountains.
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These communities worked because they mirrored real life much more than social media.
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Each village had its own culture and set of rules.
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Maybe one community was into rough humor and soft moderation, another had strict rules and banned easily.
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If you didn't play by the village rules, you'd be banned.
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you could just go and move to another village that suited you better.
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So instead of all of us gathering in one place, overwhelming our brains at a town square that in the end just leads us to going insane,
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one solution to achieve less social sorting may be extremely simple.
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Go back to smaller online communities.
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Because what our stupid brains don't realize is that we are actually all on the same team.
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Humanity, on a wet rock, speeding through space in a universe that doesn't think about us.
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We are all in this together.
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But until our brains adjust to being able to deal with that, we might be better off being a tiny bit separated.
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One of the worst things about the media we consume is that most news organizations tend to cater to one team, making you feel you're on the correct side.
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Ground News, the sponsor of this video, is trying to make these biases more transparent by giving you tools that help you think critically about the information you consume,
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a mission we wholeheartedly support.
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Ground News gathers related articles from around the world in one place, so you can compare how different outlets and sides cover them.
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They provide context about the source of the information, if they have a political bias, how reliable their reporting is, and who owns them.
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This makes the news less stressful and makes you understand the world much better.
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If you want to check them out, go to ground.news.nuchal.
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If you sign up through this link, you'll get 30% off their unlimited access plan.
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A subscription supports Kurzgesagt and Ground News, so they can continue to build more media literacy tools.
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Our favorite tool has a personal background.
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In 2018, Kurzgesagt founder Philip, who wrote this video, was going through chemotherapy and was intensely bored.
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So he ended up reading all the big German newspapers, even the ones he hated front to back, every single day.
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Aside from the obvious biases, what was the most shocking were the stories each side did not talk about.
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Both sides ignored things that are inconvenient to their worldviews.
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The Ground News blindspot feed highlights this exact thing, showing you news stories that are heavily covered by one side of the political spectrum and ignored by the other.
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So check them out at ground.news.nutshell to make sure you're seeing the full picture.
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you
背景与概况
在2022年，几乎一半的美国人预计在接下来的几年中可能会发生内战，五分之一的人认为政治暴力是合理的。这样的现象不仅存在于美国，在全球范围内也有所体现。人们越来越多地将自己视为对立阵营的一部分。社交媒体常常被指责为加剧这种情况的主要原因。社交媒体使我们变得更加极端，减少了同理心，往往促使我们沉浸在负面情绪中。因此，很多人感到有必要从虚拟世界中抽离出来，回归现实。然而，最新研究表明，我们可能对这种现象的理解存在误区。社交媒体的影响或许对我们的大脑运作方式产生了独特的破坏，但不是我们想象的那样。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 社交媒体在我们生活中的作用如何？
- 我们是否被过滤泡沫孤立了？
- 亲密的邻里关系如何影响我们对他人的看法？
- 如何应对社会隔离带来的压力？
- 冲突是否可以带来积极的改变？
逐步影子跟读指南
要有效提升英语口语能力，可以通过影子跟读（英语影子跟读）来练习。以下是逐步指导，帮助你轻松应对这段视频中的内容：
- 选择视频片段：从视频中选择一小段，长度为30秒至1分钟，确保内容足够丰富，便于练习。
- 聆听与理解：首次观看时，集中注意力听讲者的语调与情感，注意他们如何表达观点。
- 逐句模仿：暂停视频，尽量模仿每句话的发音和语调。可以重复几次，直到感觉自然。
- 录音回听：录下自己的声音，并与视频中的语音对比，找出发音上的差异。这是提高英语发音的有效方法。
- 反复练习：每天花15分钟进行跟读练习，逐步提升口语流利度和自信心。
利用这种shadowspeaks方法，能够有效提高英语口语练习，同时克服社交媒体带来的负面影响，让自己更接地气。在社交环境中积极交流，有助于扩展我们对他人的理解与包容。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。