쉐도잉 연습: The Internet is Worse Than Ever – Now What? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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In 2022, nearly half of Americans expected a civil war in the next few years.
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One in five now believes political violence is justified.
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And it's not just the US, but around the world.
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People increasingly see themselves as part of opposing teams.
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There are many different reasons for this, but one gets blamed a lot.
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Social media.
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Social media divides us, makes us more extreme and less empathetic.
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It riles us up or sucks us into doom-scrolling, making us stressed and depressed.
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It feels like we need to touch grass and escape to the real world.
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New research shows that we might have largely misinterpreted why this is the case.
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It turns out that the social media internet may uniquely undermine the way our brains work, but not in the way you think.
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The myth of the filter bubble.
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You've probably heard about online filter bubbles.
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give you exactly what you want or what they think you want.
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You only see information that shows you opinions that agree with yours, while dissenting opinions or information are filtered out.
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Since you only see content close to your world view, more extreme and toxic opinions suddenly seem less extreme.
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You're trapped in a radicalizing filter bubble and your view of the world becomes narrower and more extreme.
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But is that true?
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Extreme filter bubbles seem to be rather rare.
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Studies that investigated what people actually look at online, or are shown by search engines, found little evidence that you are ideologically isolated.
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It's the exact opposite.
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Online you are constantly confronted with opinions and worldviews that are not your own.
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It turns out that the place where you are the most ideologically isolated is your real life, in the real world, with real people.
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Your real world interactions with your friends, family, colleagues and neighbors are much less diverse than your online bubble.
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The filter bubble exists in your real life, not online.
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Okay, wait.
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Online filter bubbles have been the prevailing explanation as to why
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we've all started hating each other more over the last two decades.
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If that's not the case, shouldn't the internet open our minds and make us more empathetic with each other?
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Unfortunately, your brain is stupid it.
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Your brain is stupid.
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Human brains didn't evolve to understand the true nature of reality, but to navigate and maintain social structures.
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Our ancestors desperately needed each other to survive, so our brains had to make sure we cooperated.
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That's why social isolation or exclusion feels so horrible, because it was actually life-threatening.
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A tribe that that worked together survived.
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A divided tribe died.
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The way communities worked for thousands of years is that sure, you may have disliked a neighbor, but because you lived close to each other, you also rooted for the same sports club or saw them at church.
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You both thought that the people from the other village were idiots.
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Being physically close made you familiar and created similarities that bridge the gap of different worldviews so you didn't murder each other.
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And your worldview was probably not that different in the first place because it was formed by the same local culture.
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When our brains evolved, this was enough.
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Whoever was around was similar to us.
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liked what was similar to us.
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This kept us aligned enough to work together despite our differences.
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As humanity moved on from small tribes to towns and cities, from chiefdoms to kingdoms to nations,
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our brains and our communities had to adapt to more diverse sets of neighbors.
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We began to meet on the town square or in universities where we argued and screamed at each other, but in the grand scheme of things, communities were still relatively isolated,
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we were still pretty similar and aligned with the people around us.
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Conflict and disagreement are not a bad thing per se.
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Tension over how we should live can create new and wonderful things.
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Our values, norms and taboos are always evolving and whatever we think is normal today will not be normal in the future.
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But we also need social glue to hold our societies together
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because our brains don't care about the meta-level of humanity but about being safe in a tribe.
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Until about 20 years ago, we did something truly new that hit our brains like a freight train.
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The social media internet, the digital town square.
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Don't you dare disagree with me.
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Social sorting.
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In a nutshell, our brains are not able to process the amount of disagreement we encounter on the social internet.
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The very mechanisms
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that made it possible for our ancestors to work together in
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the first place are derailed in ways we were not prepared for.
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Whether you want it to or not, your brain sorts people by worldviews and opinions into teams.
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This is not simply tribalism, it goes further.
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Researchers have called this process social sorting.
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On the digital town square, you encounter people that express opinions or share information that clash with your worldview.
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But unlike your neighbor, they don't root for your local sports club.
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You're missing the local social glue your brain needs to align with them.
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your brain, the disagreement between yourself and them becomes a central part of their identity.
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And this makes it less likely that you will seriously consider their position or opinion in the future.
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If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to believe it uncritically.
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On the flip side, there are people who share your worldview
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and are maybe even more similar to you than many people in your real life, which makes your brain like them a lot and kind of hyper-align with them.
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People who think like you are probably good people
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because you're a good person and whatever social group you belong to is good.
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So your brain is more likely to believe their opinions.
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If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to dismiss it uncritically.
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The engagement driven social internet makes it worse because it wants to keep you online as long as possible.
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And the most engaging emotion is, unfortunately, anger.
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The more angry you get, the more likely you are to share and engage.
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And this leads to social media amplifying the most extreme and controversial opinions.
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It optimizes not only to show us disagreement, but the worst disagreement possible.
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And because your stupid brain is sorting people into teams, whatever the worst opinions are, it assigns the same opinions to everybody on the other team.
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What's striking and new about online polarization is that all the aspects of our lives that make us individuals, our lifestyle choices, the comedians or shows we watch,
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our religion, sense of fashion and so on, are condensed, making it seem that they're parts of opposing and mutually exclusive identities.
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This simplifies and distorts disagreements about how we should run society
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so much that it often seems as if the people on the other team are actively, willfully making the world worse.
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That they are almost evil beyond convincing with rationality, facts or civil discussion.
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While you are of course on the correct team, it may be hard to process that you may seem like that to people on the other team.
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On a societal level, this is dissolving the social glue that's the foundation of our democracies.
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If we think our neighbors are evil, how can we live together?
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This is especially bad in the US, where the two-party system makes it extra easy to think of people in terms of teams.
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Negative opinion about the other party has reached record highs.
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Okay, is there something we can learn from this?
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Is there something we can do?
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Something more positive?
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Opinion part.
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In the end, it's important to be aware of what social media does to your brain.
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It's easier to change yourself than to change the world, so you can self-examine why you believe the things you believe,
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and whether you dismiss or believe information based on who the person is who is stating that information.
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The internet comes with a lot of ups and downs, and just like we had to adapt from living in small tribes to living in cities,
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we need to adapt to the information age where we have access to billions of people.
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Evolution is too slow, so we need to find models that work with what our brains are able to tolerate.
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One model that seemed to work well was the pre-social media internet old people might remember.
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Bulletin boards, forums, blogs.
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The main difference to today was two-fault.
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For one, there were no algorithms fighting to keep you online at any cost.
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At some point you were done with the internet for the day, as mind-blowing as this may sound.
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But more importantly, the old internet was very fractured, split into thousands of different communities, like small villages gathering around shared beliefs and interests.
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These villages were separated from each other by digital rivers or mountains.
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These communities worked because they mirrored real life much more than social media.
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Each village had its own culture and set of rules.
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Maybe one community was into rough humor and soft moderation, another had strict rules and banned easily.
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If you didn't play by the village rules, you'd be banned.
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you could just go and move to another village that suited you better.
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So instead of all of us gathering in one place, overwhelming our brains at a town square that in the end just leads us to going insane,
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one solution to achieve less social sorting may be extremely simple.
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Go back to smaller online communities.
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Because what our stupid brains don't realize is that we are actually all on the same team.
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Humanity, on a wet rock, speeding through space in a universe that doesn't think about us.
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We are all in this together.
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But until our brains adjust to being able to deal with that, we might be better off being a tiny bit separated.
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One of the worst things about the media we consume is that most news organizations tend to cater to one team, making you feel you're on the correct side.
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Ground News, the sponsor of this video, is trying to make these biases more transparent by giving you tools that help you think critically about the information you consume,
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a mission we wholeheartedly support.
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Ground News gathers related articles from around the world in one place, so you can compare how different outlets and sides cover them.
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They provide context about the source of the information, if they have a political bias, how reliable their reporting is, and who owns them.
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This makes the news less stressful and makes you understand the world much better.
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If you want to check them out, go to ground.news.nuchal.
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If you sign up through this link, you'll get 30% off their unlimited access plan.
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A subscription supports Kurzgesagt and Ground News, so they can continue to build more media literacy tools.
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Our favorite tool has a personal background.
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In 2018, Kurzgesagt founder Philip, who wrote this video, was going through chemotherapy and was intensely bored.
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So he ended up reading all the big German newspapers, even the ones he hated front to back, every single day.
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Aside from the obvious biases, what was the most shocking were the stories each side did not talk about.
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Both sides ignored things that are inconvenient to their worldviews.
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The Ground News blindspot feed highlights this exact thing, showing you news stories that are heavily covered by one side of the political spectrum and ignored by the other.
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So check them out at ground.news.nutshell to make sure you're seeing the full picture.
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you
맥락 및 배경
최근 몇 년간, 정치적 불안정과 사회적 갈등이 심화되고 있습니다. 특히 소셜 미디어는 이러한 갈등을 심화시키는 주요 요인으로 지목되고 있습니다. 사람들은 서로 다른 의견을 가진 사람들을 점점 더 적대적으로 바라보게 되었고, 이로 인해 사회가 분열되고 있다는 논의가 활발합니다. 이 동영상에서는 소셜 미디어가 우리의 뇌 기능에 미치는 영향과 우리가 주목해야 할 점들을 다루고 있습니다. 영어를 배우는 사람들이 이 주제를 통해 언어를 더욱 깊이 있게 이해할 수 있는 기회가 될 것입니다.
일상 커뮤니케이션을 위한 5가지 주요 구문
- 온라인 필터 버블에 대한 신화: 사람들이 비슷한 의견만 보게 되어 극단적인 견해가 더 정당화되는 과정.
- 실제 생활에서의 이데올로기적 고립: 실제로는 주변 사람들과 의견이 많이 다르지 않다는 점.
- 인간 뇌의 한계: 사회 구조를 유지하려는 본능적 경향.
- 갈등은 나쁜 것이 아니다: 의견 불일치가 새로운 아이디어를 창출할 수 있다는 긍정적인 시각.
- 인간의 필요한 것: 서로 협력할 수 있는 근거를 마련하는 과정.
단계별 섀도잉 가이드
이 동영상을 활용하여 영어 회화 연습을 진행해보세요. 다음은 효과적인 섀도 스피크(shadow speak) 방법입니다:
- 동영상 시청: 처음에는 자막과 함께 동영상을 시청하며 내용을 충분히 이해합니다.
- 발음 연습: 특정 구문이나 문장을 소리 내어 따라 읽어보세요. 여기서 영어 발음 교정이 중요합니다.
- 섀도잉 수행: 동영상의 음성과 동시에 말하기를 시도해 보세요. 처음에는 더듬거릴 수 있지만, 반복을 통해 개선될 것입니다.
- 반복 학습: 동일한 문장을 여러 번 반복함으로써 자연스러운 발음을 익히고 자신감을 키웁니다.
- 피드백 받기: 친구나 튜터에게 자신의 발음을 들어보고 피드백을 받아보세요.
이 과정을 통해 일상 대화에서 더 유창해질 수 있습니다. 섀도 스피치(shadow speech) 방법을 활용해 보세요!
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.