쉐도잉 연습: Everything is better than it used to be — or is it? | Agustín Fuentes - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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26 문장
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- Traditionally, when you measure success, evolutionarily speaking, it's about a species or a population's ability to sort of continue through time, to successfully adapt, and to grow.
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So under that definition, there are 8 billion humans living everywhere on the planet.
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We are super successful in the traditional sense.
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At the same time, there's 8 billion humans living on the planet, many of them suffering horribly.
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The planet is suffering horribly.
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The climate crisis; a variety of other really horrible things are going on.
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There's a massive extinction event where plants and animals are disappearing at an unbelievable rate because of human action.
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So one might ask, "Is this evolutionary success?" "Just based on sheer number of humans, is that the way to measure it?" In the recent past, and today, there are many people who argue that like, "Wait a minute! Wait a minute! Don't complain so much, humans are doing better than they ever have done.
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There's air conditioners, there's warm showers, there's restaurants, and food, and yeah, so there's some inequality- some people don't have as much as others, but overall, we are living longer and doing better than we ever have done." So I have three responses to that: Number one, who is "we"?
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Are we talking about the entire human species?
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Well, it turns out that different humans are living very, very different lives.
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So we need to clarify that.
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Before one says, "We are doing better," let us define who that we is.
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The second problem I have with that is that these arguments are coming from one broad culture- this sort of Euro-American cultures, these intellectual traditions of a particular way of being in the world, of a particular political and economic process saying, "Well, this is the way it should be, things are better." Well, there are other ways of being in the world.
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There's lots of societies, lots of languages, lots of cultures, lots of people; many of whom have suffered enormously from this particular way of being.
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So again, how do we rectify that?
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How do we understand that?
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And the third thing, my third response to people saying, "Hey, stop complaining, things are better, we're living longer," is "Look, what is the measure of success for humans?" It has to do with how are we doing the human thing?
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How are we being human?
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And how can we minimize, not get rid of, but minimize suffering and injustice?
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Humans are always gonna have inequity and injustice: there's a lot of us, and human history always have hierarchies, and some have more and some have less, there's these incredible dynamics.
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But when it comes down to it right now, we can see that the inequity, the discrepancy in political, economic, technological, health, and many other outcomes for humans is bigger than it ever has been in the entirety of human history.
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If that's the case, something is wrong, 'cause that direction is not good for humans; we already have data that suggests and shows that it's not good for the planet.
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So, to those who say, "Calm down, everything is better than it used to be." I say, "No, it's not." It's not just surviving longer, it's not just having more, it's not just having access to technology- to really understand success, evolutionarily speaking in humans, we need to also talk about the capacity for flourishing.
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Are human bodies and societies reaching at least these minimal levels of flourishing, of health, of security, of interaction, and of well-being.
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So, I would argue, in the modern context, to understand evolutionary success for humans, we need to understand the capacity for human flourishing, and how that is distributed across our species.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Everything is better than it used to be — or is it?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: success, planet, flourishing, suffering, measure. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 26개와 단어 619개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 3:56입니다. 화자는 분당 약 157단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 89%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다. 전체 26문장 중 7문장이 질문이어서 의문문 억양과 짧은 대답을 연습하기에 좋습니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 14개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| suffer 동사 | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | 괴로와하다, 시달리다 |
| argue 동사 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 논하다, 의논하다 |
| complain 동사 | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | 불평(不平)하다, 불만(不滿)을 말하다 |
| injustice 명사 | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ | 부정, 불공평 |
| minimize 동사 | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | 최소화(最小化)하다 |
| horrible 형용사 | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | 끔찍하다 |
| interaction 명사 | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | 상호작용 |
| disappear 동사 | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | 사라지다 |
| dynamics 명사 | /dɑɪˈnæm.ɪks/ | 동역학 |
| technological 형용사 | /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/ | 기술 |
| adapt 동사 | /əˈdæpt/ | 적응하다 |
| inequality 명사 | /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | 불평등 |
| hierarchy 명사 | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | 계층 |
| extinction 명사 | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | 멸종 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Are we talking about the entire human species?
- How do we understand that?
- How are we being human?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have done · have suffered · has been |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | people who argue · those who say |
| 비교급 -er than / more … than — 두 대상을 비교 | better than · bigger than |
| 현재진행 am/is/are + -ing — 지금 또는 요즘 일어나고 있는 일 | is suffering · are going · are disappearing |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, gonna, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 4번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, sheer /ʃɪɚ/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, suffer, argue, complain 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.