Pratique du Shadowing: Everything is better than it used to be — or is it? | Agustín Fuentes - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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26 phrases
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- Traditionally, when you measure success, evolutionarily speaking, it's about a species or a population's ability to sort of continue through time, to successfully adapt, and to grow.
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So under that definition, there are 8 billion humans living everywhere on the planet.
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We are super successful in the traditional sense.
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At the same time, there's 8 billion humans living on the planet, many of them suffering horribly.
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The planet is suffering horribly.
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The climate crisis; a variety of other really horrible things are going on.
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There's a massive extinction event where plants and animals are disappearing at an unbelievable rate because of human action.
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So one might ask, "Is this evolutionary success?" "Just based on sheer number of humans, is that the way to measure it?" In the recent past, and today, there are many people who argue that like, "Wait a minute! Wait a minute! Don't complain so much, humans are doing better than they ever have done.
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There's air conditioners, there's warm showers, there's restaurants, and food, and yeah, so there's some inequality- some people don't have as much as others, but overall, we are living longer and doing better than we ever have done." So I have three responses to that: Number one, who is "we"?
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Are we talking about the entire human species?
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Well, it turns out that different humans are living very, very different lives.
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So we need to clarify that.
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Before one says, "We are doing better," let us define who that we is.
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The second problem I have with that is that these arguments are coming from one broad culture- this sort of Euro-American cultures, these intellectual traditions of a particular way of being in the world, of a particular political and economic process saying, "Well, this is the way it should be, things are better." Well, there are other ways of being in the world.
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There's lots of societies, lots of languages, lots of cultures, lots of people; many of whom have suffered enormously from this particular way of being.
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So again, how do we rectify that?
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How do we understand that?
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And the third thing, my third response to people saying, "Hey, stop complaining, things are better, we're living longer," is "Look, what is the measure of success for humans?" It has to do with how are we doing the human thing?
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How are we being human?
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And how can we minimize, not get rid of, but minimize suffering and injustice?
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Humans are always gonna have inequity and injustice: there's a lot of us, and human history always have hierarchies, and some have more and some have less, there's these incredible dynamics.
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But when it comes down to it right now, we can see that the inequity, the discrepancy in political, economic, technological, health, and many other outcomes for humans is bigger than it ever has been in the entirety of human history.
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If that's the case, something is wrong, 'cause that direction is not good for humans; we already have data that suggests and shows that it's not good for the planet.
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So, to those who say, "Calm down, everything is better than it used to be." I say, "No, it's not." It's not just surviving longer, it's not just having more, it's not just having access to technology- to really understand success, evolutionarily speaking in humans, we need to also talk about the capacity for flourishing.
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Are human bodies and societies reaching at least these minimal levels of flourishing, of health, of security, of interaction, and of well-being.
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So, I would argue, in the modern context, to understand evolutionary success for humans, we need to understand the capacity for human flourishing, and how that is distributed across our species.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Everything is better than it used to be — or is it? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : success, planet, flourishing, suffering, measure. Cette vidéo contient 26 phrases et 619 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:56. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 157 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 89 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre. 7 de ses 26 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| suffer verbe | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | souffrir |
| flourish verbe | /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/ | fleurir |
| argue verbe | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | affirmer, débattre |
| complain verbe | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | se plaindre |
| evolutionary adjectif | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | évolutif, évolutionnaire |
| injustice nom | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ | injustice |
| minimize verbe | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | minimiser |
| successfully adverbe | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | avec succès |
| horrible adjectif | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | horrible, affreux |
| define verbe | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | déterminer |
| intellectual adjectif | /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ | intellectuel |
| interaction nom | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | interaction |
| minimal adjectif | /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ | minimum |
| disappear verbe | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | disparaître |
| dynamics nom | /dɑɪˈnæm.ɪks/ | dynamique |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| calm down verbe | se calmer, s'apaiser |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Are we talking about the entire human species?
- How do we understand that?
- How are we being human?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have done · have suffered · has been |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who argue · those who say |
| Comparatifs -er than / more … than — comparer deux éléments | better than · bigger than |
| Présent continu am/is/are + -ing — ce qui se passe en ce moment | is suffering · are going · are disappearing |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 4 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, gonna, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, sheer /ʃɪɚ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, horribly /ˈhɔɹəbli/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme suffer, flourish, argue.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.