Pratique du Shadowing: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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51 phrases
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Who you are fluctuates every single second ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Cette vidéo contient 51 phrases et 691 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:16. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 131 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| rude adjectif | /ɹuːd/ | impoli, malpoli |
| interact verbe | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagir |
| characteristic nom | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | caractéristique |
| inherent adjectif | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | intrinsèque, inhérent |
| relation nom | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | relation |
| sole nom | /səʊl/ | plante, plante du pied |
| perception nom | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | perception |
| logical adjectif | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | logique |
| awareness nom | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | conscience |
| equally adverbe | /ˈiːkwəli/ | également |
| engage verbe | /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ | attirer l'attention |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | contre, face à |
| habit nom | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | habitude |
| biology nom | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biologie |
| scientist nom | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scientifique, savant |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | you've had · haven't had |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is bound · is highly situated |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 23 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, situated /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/, generic /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪk/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: rude /ɹuːd/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme rude, interact, characteristic.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.