跟读练习: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - 通过视频学习英语口语
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51 句
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Who you are fluctuates every single second”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted。 这段视频共有 51 个句子、691 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:16。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 131 个词，很适合跟读。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| rude 形容词 | /ɹuːd/ | 粗暴, 無禮 /无礼 |
| interact 动词 | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | 互動 /互动 |
| characteristic 名词 | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | 特性, 特質 /特质 |
| inherent 形容词 | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | 固有, 內在 /内在 |
| relation 名词 | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | 關係 /关系 |
| sole 名词 | /səʊl/ | 腳掌 /脚掌, 腳底 /脚底 |
| perception 名词 | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | 知覺 /知觉, 感知 |
| awareness 名词 | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | 意識 /意识, 覺悟 /觉悟 |
| equally 副词 | /ˈiːkwəli/ | 一樣地 /一样地, 同樣地 /同样地 |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 對 /对 |
| habit 名词 | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | 習慣 /习惯 |
| biology 名词 | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 生物學 /生物学 |
| scientist 名词 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科学家 |
| enthusiasm 名词 | /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/ | 熱情 /热情, 積極性 /积极性 |
| deliberate 形容词 | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/ | 故意, 蓄意 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | you've had · haven't had |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is bound · is highly situated |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 23 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, don't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, extrovert /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: rude /ɹuːd/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 rude, interact, characteristic 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。