쉐도잉 연습: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Who you are fluctuates every single second”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 51개와 단어 691개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:16입니다. 화자는 분당 약 131단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 86%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 14개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
rude 형용사/ɹuːd/버릇없다, 무례하다
characteristic 명사/ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/특성, 특징
inherent 형용사/ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/고유의
relation 명사/ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/관계
sole 명사/səʊl/발바닥
versus/ˈvɝsəs/대
habit 명사/ˈhæb.ɪt/습관, 버릇
biology 명사/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/생물학
scientist 명사/ˈsaɪəntəst/과학자
enthusiasm 명사/ɪnˈθuziæzəm/열광, 열정
endure 동사/ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/견디다, 참다
subjective 형용사/səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/주관적
violate 동사/ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/침해하다
trait 명사/tɹeɪt/특징

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때you've had · haven't had
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보people who we · people who allow · people who help
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점is bound · is highly situated

주의할 발음

화자는 you're, don't, I'm 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 23번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

  • /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, extrovert /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/
  • /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
  • /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, rude, characteristic, inherent 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →