Shadowing Practice: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Learn English Speaking with Video
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51 oraciones
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Who you are fluctuates every single second”. Las palabras que más se repiten: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Este vídeo tiene 51 frases y 691 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:16. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 131 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 86 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| rude adjetivo | /ɹuːd/ | rudo, grosero |
| interact verbo | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interactuar |
| characteristic sustantivo | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | característica |
| inherent adjetivo | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | inherente |
| relation sustantivo | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | relación |
| sole sustantivo | /səʊl/ | planta, planta del pie |
| perception sustantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepción |
| logical adjetivo | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | lógico |
| equally adverbio | /ˈiːkwəli/ | igualmente |
| engage verbo | /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ | embebecer, embelesar |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | contra, en vez de |
| habit sustantivo | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | costumbre, hábito |
| biology sustantivo | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biología |
| scientist sustantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | científico, científica |
| situated adjetivo | /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/ | situado |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | you've had · haven't had |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is bound · is highly situated |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 23 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, don't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, extrovert /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, generic /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪk/, endure /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como rude, interact, characteristic.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.