Практика Shadowing: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Who you are fluctuates every single second». Чаще всего повторяются слова: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. В этом видео 51 предложений и 691 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:16. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 131 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 86% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| rude прилагательное | /ɹuːd/ | гру́бый, неве́жливый |
| interact глагол | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | взаимоде́йствовать |
| characteristic существительное | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | характе́рная черта́, отличи́тельная черта́ |
| inherent прилагательное | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | врождённый, прирождённый |
| relation существительное | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | отноше́ние, зави́симость |
| sole существительное | /səʊl/ | подо́шва, ступня |
| perception существительное | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | восприя́тие, перце́пция |
| logical прилагательное | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | логи́ческий |
| awareness существительное | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | созна́ние, осозна́ние |
| equally наречие | /ˈiːkwəli/ | одина́ково, по́ровну |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | про́тив |
| habit существительное | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | привы́чка, обы́чай |
| biology существительное | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | биоло́гия |
| scientist существительное | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | учёный, учёная |
| situated прилагательное | /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/ | располо́женный, находя́щийся |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | you've had · haven't had |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is bound · is highly situated |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 23 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, don't, I'm. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: rude /ɹuːd/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, situated /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как rude, interact, characteristic.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.