シャドーイング練習: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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51 文
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Who you are fluctuates every single second」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が51文、単語が691語あります。 音声の長さは5:16です。 話す速さは1分あたり約131語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| rude 形容詞 | /ɹuːd/ | 無礼な, 失礼 |
| interact 動詞 | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | 相互作用する, 相呼応する |
| characteristic 名詞 | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | 特性, 特徴 |
| inherent 形容詞 | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | 固有の |
| relation 名詞 | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | 関係, 関連 |
| sole 名詞 | /səʊl/ | 足裏, 足の裏 |
| perception 名詞 | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | 知覚 |
| awareness 名詞 | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | 意識 |
| equally 副詞 | /ˈiːkwəli/ | 等しく, 平等に |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 対, バーサス |
| habit 名詞 | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | 習慣 |
| biology 名詞 | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 生物学 |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科学者 |
| enthusiasm 名詞 | /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/ | 情熱, 熱意 |
| deliberate 形容詞 | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/ | 故意の, 作為的 |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | you've had · haven't had |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is bound · is highly situated |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, don't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を23回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/, extroverted /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/, extrovert /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, trait /tɹeɪt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。rude, interact, characteristicなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。