Shadowing Practice: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Who you are fluctuates every single second” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 51 cümle ve 691 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:16 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 131 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %86’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| rude sıfat | /ɹuːd/ | kaba, küstah |
| inherent sıfat | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | doğal, içkin |
| relation isim | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | akraba |
| sole isim | /səʊl/ | taban |
| awareness isim | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | bilinç, bilinçlenme |
| habit isim | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | alışkanlık, adet |
| biology isim | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biyoloji, dirim bilimi |
| scientist isim | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | âlim, âlime |
| generic sıfat | /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪk/ | genelleyici, kapsamlı |
| enthusiasm isim | /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/ | heves, şevk |
| deliberate sıfat | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/ | kasıtlı, istemli |
| subjective sıfat | /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ | öznel |
| realism isim | /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/ | gerçekçilik |
| trait isim | /tɹeɪt/ | özellik, vasıf |
| interrupt fiil | /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ | kesilmek, kesmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | you've had · haven't had |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is bound · is highly situated |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı you're, don't, I'm gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 23 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: trait /tɹeɪt/, fluctuate /ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; rude, inherent, relation gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.