Shadowing Practice: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Who you are fluctuates every single second”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Deze video bevat 51 zinnen en 691 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:16. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 131 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 86% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| rude bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɹuːd/ | grof, onbeschoft |
| interact werkwoord | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interageren, elkaar beïnvloeden |
| characteristic zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | trekje, karakteristiek |
| inherent bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | inherent, samengaand |
| relation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | familielid, bloedverwant |
| sole zelfstandig naamwoord | /səʊl/ | zool, voetzool |
| perception zelfstandig naamwoord | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | perceptie, gewaarwording |
| logical bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | logisch |
| awareness zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | besef, bewustzijn |
| equally bijwoord | /ˈiːkwəli/ | even, gelijk |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | tegen |
| habit zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | gewoonte |
| biology zelfstandig naamwoord | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biologie |
| scientist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | wetenschapper, wetenschapster |
| generic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪk/ | generiek |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | you've had · haven't had |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is bound · is highly situated |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 23 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, don't, I'm. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: rude /ɹuːd/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, situated /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
- /w/ — met ronde lippen: awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als rude, interact, characteristic.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.