Pratica di Shadowing: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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51 frasi
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1
The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
6
So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
15
What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Who you are fluctuates every single second”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Questo video contiene 51 frasi e 691 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:16. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 131 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 86% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| rude aggettivo | /ɹuːd/ | rude, maleducato |
| interact verbo | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagire |
| characteristic sostantivo | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | caratteristica |
| inherent aggettivo | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | insito, inerente |
| relation sostantivo | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | parente |
| sole sostantivo | /səʊl/ | pianta |
| perception sostantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percezione |
| logical aggettivo | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | logico |
| awareness sostantivo | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | coscienza |
| equally avverbio | /ˈiːkwəli/ | altrettanto, parimenti |
| engage verbo | /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ | attirare, convergere |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | contro |
| habit sostantivo | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | abitudine, consuetudine |
| biology sostantivo | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biologia |
| scientist sostantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scienziato, scienziata |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | you've had · haven't had |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is bound · is highly situated |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 23 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, don't, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: rude /ɹuːd/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come rude, interact, characteristic.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.