Pratica di Shadowing: I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found. | Patrick McNamara - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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So I've been arguing that REM sleep is crucial for religious consciousness
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and for human creative capacities and for human cultural evolution but
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when it goes off the rails is associated with a lot of very serious disorders as well
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Everything from depression to isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmares in particular.
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Now, a nightmare is defined by most sleep medicine specialists as simply a scary,
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terrifying dream that wakes you up.
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A lot of other sleep medicine specialists say, well, it doesn't need to wake you up.
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If you have a really terrifying dream, that's a nightmare.
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And we know that nightmares tend to occur during REM sleep.
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And we know that lots of kids go through a phase where they have lots of nightmares, and then they sort of disappear for most people.
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But people who are vulnerable to nightmares have sort of a disinhibited form of REM neurobiology.
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REM tends to erupt into their waking consciousness a little bit, and they get these dissociative states during the daytime,
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and unfortunately, nightmares during the night
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so nightmares for the most part there's nothing good about them
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and I just want to underline the fact
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that there are very good treatments you don't have to suffer from nightmares
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but from the point of view of somebody investigating religious consciousness nightmares are particularly important
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because for most people who have nightmares supernatural agents appear
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and for many of them particularly for people with religious backgrounds those supernatural agents will be demonic agents
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and unfortunately those demonic agents really have very specific enduring effects on this person suffering from nightmares
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there are many examples but
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when you look at series of nightmares over time one common
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pattern is it before the series of nightmares begin a demon appears just in the room
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The person has a nightmare, and they say, I woke up from this dream, and it's, wow, this is this weird demon in my room.
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But he was just there.
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He wasn't doing anything.
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Scared me, and I woke up.
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And then a week later, they'll have a very similar dream, but the same demon, and the demon will now be near the bed.
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No longer in the corner of the room, but near the bed.
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The third week, I have the nightmare.
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Again, it's a very similar nightmare.
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And now the demonic agent knows that the dreamer is aware of them
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and so the demonic agent ups his game and tries to get closer
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and closer to the individual having the nightmare and so the individual starts to put up barriers to protect themselves.
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In an individual who's particularly vulnerable to nightmares these barriers will eventually not work
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and they need to get clinical help before that happens
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because in many cases the demonic agent is out to possess the individual's consciousness
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and the individual will wake up i mean
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if you look at case studies of demonic possession they invariably occur after a series of nightmares
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and then finally the demonic agent in the nightmare possesses the individual consciousness
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and they wake up in a possessed state
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and then you need you know like exorcism rituals to get rid of the demonic agent
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so those are some of the ways in which nightmares teach us about supernatural agents and religious consciousness
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and why obviously you do not want to have nightmares.
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However, nightmares have been around, we're almost certain, for many thousands of years.
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We have evidence that people who experience frequent nightmares
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but are able to control them
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and able to control the demonic agent in traditional tribal societies gain great social status
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because who can be more powerful than a person who can
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control a demonic agent the nightmares mark them off as special human beings
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that the divine has called them in a special way
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and only somebody who's strong enough to deal with those demonic agents are called to be a shaman
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or a spiritual guide for others
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so that's how people with nightmares in traditional societies were held in special high regard because they carried this special burden.
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So nightmares tell us a lot about religious consciousness and about REM neurobiology.
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One of the things they tell us about REM neurobiology is REM has special computational neurological machinery to handle trauma.
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We think that the fear extinction circuit in REM sleep functions differently during a nightmare than during an ordinary dream.
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And the reason why the fear extinction circuit, the computational machinery that's used to handle emotional traumas doesn't function well is
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that the fear extinction circuit breaks down at a certain gate.
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It's blocked for some reason in some individuals.
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And because the brain uses REM sleep to handle traumas
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And when the trauma can't be handled effectively,
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immediately, the trauma memories hang around in REM sleep and you get PTSD.
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So every night, the individual continually tries to integrate the trauma into long -term memory stores and then get rid of it.
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And that's why RIM is so crucial for getting through calamities
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and plagues and all kinds of horrible events because it's nature's special way to handle emotional trauma.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: nightmare, agent, demonic, Rem, sleep. Questo video contiene 34 frasi e 859 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:54. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 146 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 78% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| nightmare sostantivo | /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ | incubo, brutto sogno |
| trauma sostantivo | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | trauma |
| consciousness sostantivo | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | conoscenza, coscienza |
| demon sostantivo | /ˈdiː.mən/ | demone, demonio |
| possess verbo | /pəˈzɛs/ | possedere, avere |
| supernatural aggettivo | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | soprannaturale, sovrannaturale |
| occur verbo | /əˈkɜː/ | verificarsi |
| suffer verbo | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | soffrire, penare |
| crucial aggettivo | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | cruciale |
| specialist sostantivo | /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ | specialista |
| vulnerable aggettivo | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | vulnerabile |
| barrier sostantivo | /ˈbæɹi.ə/ | barriera |
| computational aggettivo | /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/ | computazionale |
| gate sostantivo | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | cancello |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | discutere, dibattere |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| wake up verbo | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | svegliarsi |
| get through verbo | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | superare, farcela |
| go off verbo | esplodere | |
| go through verbo | attraversare | |
| put up verbo | collocare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is associated · is defined · are called |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | people who are · people who have · people who experience |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have been · has called |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 10 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come doesn't, wanna, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, disinhibit /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɪbɪt/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, circuit /ˈsɝ.kɪt/, possess /pəˈzɛs/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, gate /ˈɡeɪ̯t/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə/, calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/, paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come nightmare, trauma, consciousness.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.