تدريب Shadowing: I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found. | Patrick McNamara - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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66 جمل
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So I've been arguing that REM sleep is crucial for religious consciousness
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and for human creative capacities and for human cultural evolution but
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when it goes off the rails is associated with a lot of very serious disorders as well
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Everything from depression to isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmares in particular.
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Now, a nightmare is defined by most sleep medicine specialists as simply a scary,
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terrifying dream that wakes you up.
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A lot of other sleep medicine specialists say, well, it doesn't need to wake you up.
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If you have a really terrifying dream, that's a nightmare.
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And we know that nightmares tend to occur during REM sleep.
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And we know that lots of kids go through a phase where they have lots of nightmares, and then they sort of disappear for most people.
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But people who are vulnerable to nightmares have sort of a disinhibited form of REM neurobiology.
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REM tends to erupt into their waking consciousness a little bit, and they get these dissociative states during the daytime,
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and unfortunately, nightmares during the night
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so nightmares for the most part there's nothing good about them
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and I just want to underline the fact
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that there are very good treatments you don't have to suffer from nightmares
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but from the point of view of somebody investigating religious consciousness nightmares are particularly important
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because for most people who have nightmares supernatural agents appear
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and for many of them particularly for people with religious backgrounds those supernatural agents will be demonic agents
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and unfortunately those demonic agents really have very specific enduring effects on this person suffering from nightmares
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there are many examples but
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when you look at series of nightmares over time one common
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pattern is it before the series of nightmares begin a demon appears just in the room
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The person has a nightmare, and they say, I woke up from this dream, and it's, wow, this is this weird demon in my room.
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But he was just there.
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He wasn't doing anything.
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Scared me, and I woke up.
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And then a week later, they'll have a very similar dream, but the same demon, and the demon will now be near the bed.
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No longer in the corner of the room, but near the bed.
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The third week, I have the nightmare.
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Again, it's a very similar nightmare.
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And now the demonic agent knows that the dreamer is aware of them
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and so the demonic agent ups his game and tries to get closer
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and closer to the individual having the nightmare and so the individual starts to put up barriers to protect themselves.
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In an individual who's particularly vulnerable to nightmares these barriers will eventually not work
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and they need to get clinical help before that happens
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because in many cases the demonic agent is out to possess the individual's consciousness
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and the individual will wake up i mean
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if you look at case studies of demonic possession they invariably occur after a series of nightmares
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and then finally the demonic agent in the nightmare possesses the individual consciousness
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and they wake up in a possessed state
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and then you need you know like exorcism rituals to get rid of the demonic agent
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so those are some of the ways in which nightmares teach us about supernatural agents and religious consciousness
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and why obviously you do not want to have nightmares.
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However, nightmares have been around, we're almost certain, for many thousands of years.
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We have evidence that people who experience frequent nightmares
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but are able to control them
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and able to control the demonic agent in traditional tribal societies gain great social status
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because who can be more powerful than a person who can
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control a demonic agent the nightmares mark them off as special human beings
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that the divine has called them in a special way
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and only somebody who's strong enough to deal with those demonic agents are called to be a shaman
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or a spiritual guide for others
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so that's how people with nightmares in traditional societies were held in special high regard because they carried this special burden.
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So nightmares tell us a lot about religious consciousness and about REM neurobiology.
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One of the things they tell us about REM neurobiology is REM has special computational neurological machinery to handle trauma.
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We think that the fear extinction circuit in REM sleep functions differently during a nightmare than during an ordinary dream.
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And the reason why the fear extinction circuit, the computational machinery that's used to handle emotional traumas doesn't function well is
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that the fear extinction circuit breaks down at a certain gate.
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It's blocked for some reason in some individuals.
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And because the brain uses REM sleep to handle traumas
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And when the trauma can't be handled effectively,
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immediately, the trauma memories hang around in REM sleep and you get PTSD.
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So every night, the individual continually tries to integrate the trauma into long -term memory stores and then get rid of it.
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And that's why RIM is so crucial for getting through calamities
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and plagues and all kinds of horrible events because it's nature's special way to handle emotional trauma.
تنزيل التطبيق
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تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: nightmare, agent, demonic, Rem, sleep. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 34 جملة و859 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:54. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 146 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 78% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| nightmare اسم | /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ | كَابُوس |
| trauma اسم | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | إِصَابَة |
| consciousness اسم | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | وَعْي, شُعُور |
| demon اسم | /ˈdiː.mən/ | شَيْطَان, شيطان |
| possess فعل | /pəˈzɛs/ | مَلَكَ, اِمْتَلَكَ |
| supernatural صفة | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | خَارِق, مِيتَافِيزِيقِيّ |
| extinction اسم | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | اِنْقِرَاض |
| occur فعل | /əˈkɜː/ | حَدَثَ, وَقَعَ |
| suffer فعل | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | تَأَلَّمَ, عَانَى |
| crucial صفة | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | حَاسِم |
| specialist اسم | /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ | مُتَخَصِّص, مُتَخَصِّصَة |
| vulnerable صفة | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | عرضة, عُرْضَة لِلْجَرْح |
| barrier اسم | /ˈbæɹi.ə/ | حَاجِز |
| gate اسم | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | بَوَّابَة |
| argue فعل | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | جَادَلَ, حَاجَّ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| wake up فعل | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | صَحَا, اِسْتَيْقَظَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is associated · is defined · are called |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | people who are · people who have · people who experience |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have been · has called |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 10 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل doesn't, wanna, can't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: possess /pəˈzɛs/, supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, divine /dɪˈvaɪn/, dissociative /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: trauma /ˈtɹɔm.ə/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل nightmare, trauma, consciousness.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.