Shadowing Practice: I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found. | Patrick McNamara - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So I've been arguing that REM sleep is crucial for religious consciousness
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and for human creative capacities and for human cultural evolution but
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when it goes off the rails is associated with a lot of very serious disorders as well
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Everything from depression to isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmares in particular.
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Now, a nightmare is defined by most sleep medicine specialists as simply a scary,
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terrifying dream that wakes you up.
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A lot of other sleep medicine specialists say, well, it doesn't need to wake you up.
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If you have a really terrifying dream, that's a nightmare.
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And we know that nightmares tend to occur during REM sleep.
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And we know that lots of kids go through a phase where they have lots of nightmares, and then they sort of disappear for most people.
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But people who are vulnerable to nightmares have sort of a disinhibited form of REM neurobiology.
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REM tends to erupt into their waking consciousness a little bit, and they get these dissociative states during the daytime,
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and unfortunately, nightmares during the night
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so nightmares for the most part there's nothing good about them
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and I just want to underline the fact
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that there are very good treatments you don't have to suffer from nightmares
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but from the point of view of somebody investigating religious consciousness nightmares are particularly important
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because for most people who have nightmares supernatural agents appear
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and for many of them particularly for people with religious backgrounds those supernatural agents will be demonic agents
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and unfortunately those demonic agents really have very specific enduring effects on this person suffering from nightmares
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there are many examples but
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when you look at series of nightmares over time one common
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pattern is it before the series of nightmares begin a demon appears just in the room
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The person has a nightmare, and they say, I woke up from this dream, and it's, wow, this is this weird demon in my room.
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But he was just there.
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He wasn't doing anything.
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Scared me, and I woke up.
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And then a week later, they'll have a very similar dream, but the same demon, and the demon will now be near the bed.
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No longer in the corner of the room, but near the bed.
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The third week, I have the nightmare.
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Again, it's a very similar nightmare.
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And now the demonic agent knows that the dreamer is aware of them
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and so the demonic agent ups his game and tries to get closer
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and closer to the individual having the nightmare and so the individual starts to put up barriers to protect themselves.
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In an individual who's particularly vulnerable to nightmares these barriers will eventually not work
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and they need to get clinical help before that happens
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because in many cases the demonic agent is out to possess the individual's consciousness
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and the individual will wake up i mean
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if you look at case studies of demonic possession they invariably occur after a series of nightmares
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and then finally the demonic agent in the nightmare possesses the individual consciousness
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and they wake up in a possessed state
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and then you need you know like exorcism rituals to get rid of the demonic agent
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so those are some of the ways in which nightmares teach us about supernatural agents and religious consciousness
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and why obviously you do not want to have nightmares.
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However, nightmares have been around, we're almost certain, for many thousands of years.
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We have evidence that people who experience frequent nightmares
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but are able to control them
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and able to control the demonic agent in traditional tribal societies gain great social status
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because who can be more powerful than a person who can
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control a demonic agent the nightmares mark them off as special human beings
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that the divine has called them in a special way
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and only somebody who's strong enough to deal with those demonic agents are called to be a shaman
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or a spiritual guide for others
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so that's how people with nightmares in traditional societies were held in special high regard because they carried this special burden.
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So nightmares tell us a lot about religious consciousness and about REM neurobiology.
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One of the things they tell us about REM neurobiology is REM has special computational neurological machinery to handle trauma.
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We think that the fear extinction circuit in REM sleep functions differently during a nightmare than during an ordinary dream.
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And the reason why the fear extinction circuit, the computational machinery that's used to handle emotional traumas doesn't function well is
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that the fear extinction circuit breaks down at a certain gate.
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It's blocked for some reason in some individuals.
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And because the brain uses REM sleep to handle traumas
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And when the trauma can't be handled effectively,
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immediately, the trauma memories hang around in REM sleep and you get PTSD.
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So every night, the individual continually tries to integrate the trauma into long -term memory stores and then get rid of it.
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And that's why RIM is so crucial for getting through calamities
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and plagues and all kinds of horrible events because it's nature's special way to handle emotional trauma.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: nightmare, agent, demonic, Rem, sleep. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 34 cümle ve 859 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:54 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 146 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %78’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| nightmare isim | /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ | kâbus, karabasan |
| trauma isim | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | travma, sakatlık |
| consciousness isim | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | bilinç, şuur |
| demon isim | /ˈdiː.mən/ | demon, iblis |
| possess fiil | /pəˈzɛs/ | malik olmak, sahip olmak |
| supernatural sıfat | /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/ | olağanüstü |
| occur fiil | /əˈkɜː/ | olmak |
| suffer fiil | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | çekmek, acı çekmek |
| specialist isim | /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ | mütehassıs, uzman |
| gate isim | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | kapı |
| argue fiil | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | münakaşa etmek, tartışmak |
| horrible sıfat | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | korkunç |
| ordinary sıfat | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | sıradan, olağan |
| spiritual sıfat | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | spiritüel, tinsel |
| associate isim | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | iştirakçi, ortak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| wake up fiil | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | uyanmak |
| go off fiil | patlamak | |
| put up fiil | koymak |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is associated · is defined · are called |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | people who are · people who have · people who experience |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have been · has called |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı doesn't, wanna, can't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 10 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: trauma /ˈtɹɔm.ə/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: supernatural /ˌsu.pəɹˈnæ.tʃə.ɹəl/, barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə/, calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/, paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; nightmare, trauma, consciousness gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.