Prática de Shadowing: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
51 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
2
The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
3
I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
4
And it can seem really rude.
5
Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
6
So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
7
I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
8
that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
9
and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
10
but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
11
that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
12
They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
13
So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
14
In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
15
What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
16
In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
17
these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
18
But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
19
and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
20
To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
21
well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
22
that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
23
you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
24
you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
25
So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
26
As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
27
This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
28
that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
29
But the science doesn't bear that out.
30
If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
31
And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
32
And your lived experience results from that action plan.
33
That is what we call meaning -making.
34
And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
35
That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
36
Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
37
Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
38
The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
39
What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
40
You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
41
that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
42
The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
43
of other people than we might think.
44
And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
45
One way you can have a little more control over who
46
you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
47
and how you interact with them.
48
You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
49
I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
50
Find the people who help you to be that person.
51
That's the message.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C13
I study demonic possession dreams. Here’s what we’ve found. | Patrick McNamara
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C17
We could make every human on Earth rich and happy—if we decided to | Agustín Fuentes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Why do some artists become famous? | Albert-László Barabási
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Master your anxiety. Unleash your genius | Jesse Eisenberg for Big Think+
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The psychology of persuasion, as told by an Ivy League professor | Jonah Berger for Big Think+
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why ‘turning the other cheek’ is fundamentally misunderstood | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How many people are in hell? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Where is the evidence for God? | Bishop Robert Barron
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The famous tree-falling thought experiment has a new answer | Lisa Feldman Barrett
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
Become a great strategic thinker | Ian Bremmer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
We can cure almost all human diseases. Here’s how. | Albert-László Barabási
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
The lost art of accomplishment without burnout | Cal Newport for Big Think +
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How Einstein changed time forever | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
A neuroscientist’s guide to reclaiming your brain | Nicole Vignola
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Why sex, food, and shelter aren’t enough for Homo Sapiens | Agustín Fuentes
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C11
435 frases
Neuroscience Shows Your Identity Is Your Destiny In This Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
310 frases
The Lie You Tell Every Day
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
93 frases
How Culture affects your Personality
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
272 frases
Highly Intelligent Women Have These 10 Strange Habits (Backed by Psychology)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
20 frases
Are You Shy? Or Is It Social Anxiety?
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
53 frases
Gabor Maté – Authenticity vs. Attachment
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
18 frases
This Is Why You're Afraid to Change Your Life
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1205 frases
The Psychology of People Who Don't Post on Social Media (Explained by a Neuroscientist)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
108 frases
How Different Are Our Inner Monologues?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1104 frases
Amy Cuddy | Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are | Collaborative Agency Group
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
457 frases
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
50 frases
What Do I Project onto Other People?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Who you are fluctuates every single second”. As palavras que mais se repetem: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Este vídeo tem 51 frases e 691 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:16. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 131 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| rude adjetivo | /ɹuːd/ | rude, estúpido |
| interact verbo | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagir |
| characteristic substantivo | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | característica, caraterística |
| inherent adjetivo | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | inerente |
| relation substantivo | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | relação |
| sole substantivo | /səʊl/ | sola, planta do pé |
| perception substantivo | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | percepção, perceção |
| logical adjetivo | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | lógico |
| awareness substantivo | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | consciência |
| equally advérbio | /ˈiːkwəli/ | igualmente |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | contra, vérsus |
| habit substantivo | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | hábito, costume |
| biology substantivo | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biologia |
| scientist substantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | cientista |
| generic adjetivo | /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪk/ | genérico |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | you've had · haven't had |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is bound · is highly situated |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 23 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, don't, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: rude /ɹuːd/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: sole /səʊl/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como rude, interact, characteristic.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.