Shadowing-Übung: Who you are fluctuates every single second | Lisa Feldman Barrett - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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The question of who you are is a non -answerable question.
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The question of who you are in a moment, that is an answerable question.
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I have a very bad habit of interrupting people when they're talking.
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And it can seem really rude.
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Let's say in a conversation I'm experiencing great enthusiasm and I cut somebody off.
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So I'm just going to respond to what I think they're going to say.
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I don't wait for them to finish what they're saying and another person experiences me as rude does
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that mean I'm rude I think it does I'm experiencing myself as engaged another person is experiencing me as rude
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and that's what's real not because their experience is more important than mine
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but because it's equally important to mine the characteristics or traits
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that we think are inherent to a person are not inherent to that person.
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They exist to describe that person in relation to other conditions.
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So if everything that exists exists in relations, then what does that mean for who you are?
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In many cultures, we have the idea that a person is bound by the skin.
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What is inside your skin is you, and what is outside your skin is not you.
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In fact, every personality test, you're an introvert, you're an extrovert, you're this kind of person or that kind of person,
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these are characteristics that we assume are inherent to the person.
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But the logical implication of relational realism is that I am not the sole author of my identity,
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and I don't have the sole power over who I am.
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To ask a generic question like, how extroverted are you, assumes that the context doesn't matter, when really you should be asking,
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well, how extroverted are you when you're interacting with people
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that you know and you've had a lot of sleep and you're at a dinner party versus how extroverted are you when,
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you know, you're with people that you don't know and you've had a lot of sleep and,
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you know, you haven't had anything to eat recently, right?
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So the point is that what describes you, who you are, is highly situated.
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As a person, that feels inherently wrong to me, but as a scientist, it seems right.
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This idea violates every subjective sense that many of us have,
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that we have these enduring characteristics that describe us no matter where we are and who we're with.
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But the science doesn't bear that out.
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If we stop time, your brain has a set of patterns in it.
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And based on the statistics of the past, your brain begins to make an action plan for the next moment.
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And your lived experience results from that action plan.
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That is what we call meaning -making.
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And the whole thing is happening predictively and most of the time outside of your awareness.
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That's the best scientific understanding we have right now about how your brain works.
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Everything you do is an act of meaning -making.
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Even asking the question, who am I, and creating a story is an act of meaning -making.
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The biology of meaning -making, that is your perception box.
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What this means is that you don't have a perception box with fixed walls.
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You have a momentary fluctuating set of signals in your brain
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that is helping to make sense of what's happening in your body and what's happening in the world.
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The logical thing to carry away here is that we have more responsibility for the identities
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of other people than we might think.
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And the people who we interact with have more influence over who we are in a moment than we might like.
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One way you can have a little more control over who
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you are in any given moment is by taking more deliberate responsibility over who you interact with
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and how you interact with them.
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You know, I remember when my daughter went to college,
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I said to her, seek out the people who allow you to be the best version of yourself.
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Find the people who help you to be that person.
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That's the message.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „Who you are fluctuates every single second“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: rude, meaning, brain, moment, extroverted. Dieses Video enthält 51 Sätze und 691 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 5:16. Der Sprecher spricht gleichmäßig mit etwa 131 Wörtern pro Minute – ein angenehmes Tempo fürs Shadowing. 86 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| rude Adjektiv | /ɹuːd/ | grob, unhöflich |
| interact Verb | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagieren |
| characteristic Substantiv | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | Merkmal, Eigenschaft |
| inherent Adjektiv | /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ | innewohnend, inhärent |
| relation Substantiv | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | Beziehung |
| sole Substantiv | /səʊl/ | Fußsohle |
| perception Substantiv | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | Wahrnehmung |
| logical Adjektiv | /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ | logisch |
| awareness Substantiv | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | Bewusstsein, Achtsamkeit |
| equally Adverb | /ˈiːkwəli/ | gleichermaßen, gleich |
| engage Verb | /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ | beschäftigen |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | gegen, im Gegensatz zu |
| habit Substantiv | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | Gewohnheit, Gepflogenheit |
| biology Substantiv | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | Biologie |
| scientist Substantiv | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | Wissenschaftler, Wissenschaftlerin |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | you've had · haven't had |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | people who we · people who allow · people who help |
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | is bound · is highly situated |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 23 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel you're, don't, I'm. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/, realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): awareness /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: rude /ɹuːd/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, situated /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/, answerable /ˈæn.səɹ.ə.bl/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie rude, interact, characteristic.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.