쉐도잉 연습: What Do I Project onto Other People? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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One of the most continuously fascinating ideas in psychotherapy is the concept of projection.

What this means, simply put, is that all of us have a storehouse of assumptions about what other people are like and how they will behave,

which owes very little to actual people who we meet today

and has a lot more to do with complications in our childhoods which we have generally forgotten all about.

Furthermore, these projections tend to be distinctly and unfruitfully negative.

We think worse of people than we should.

We are quicker to be afraid, to be angry and to be uncooperative than we need to be

because our imaginations are filled with dark experiences which reflect our painful origins and yet fail to do justice to a broader,

more innocent and more hopeful present.

As a result, our projections gum up our relationships with the world around us.

We arrive in the presence of other people with a great deal more aggression, suspicion, fear or doubt than is warranted in the here and now.

The theory of projections sounds simple and plausible enough.

The difficulty is that it's extremely hard to work out what it is that we are actually projecting.

We are far too much inside ourselves to see our own biases.

We can't tell how we're distorting our assessments of other people.

There's no gap between our judgements and our reason.

Yet we stand to make a little bit of progress through a simple exercise

which involves a a little bit of reflection on our most characteristic assumptions of other people, taken as a whole.

In a quiet, reflexive mood, we should title a blank sheet of paper, What I Expect Other People Will Be Like.

And then we should see what comes up for us.

A list might look like this.

Older men in authority are judgmental and angry.

Or other people can suddenly turn around and viciously attack you, or people only respect money and status,

or nice people aren't very competent or worthy of respect, or people can't be relied upon to help when you need them,

or people might be laughing or silently ridiculing.

The list might, to an extent that surprises us, be extremely negative.

The next question should be, why are we thinking this way?

Why do we make these sorts of generalisations?

Common sense tells us, because this is what reality is actually like.

But a more psychotherapeutic line answers back, only because this is what our childhood was like,

and this is what has unconsciously influenced and, if you like, poisoned, our assessment of all strangers in the present.

In order to honour the true complexity as well as hopefulness of the world as it is now,

we should then ask what specific individuals from our past might be held responsible for inspiring our range of particular

and particularly dark assumptions about people.

To every generalisation, on our sheet of paper, we should, with a different coloured pen,

write down a particular name who might have inspired an especially caustic assessment of humanity.

If we've had a certain sort of childhood, we should in time be able to arrive at definite sets of names and memories.

Once we start to explore, we'll be able to see that a statement like, older men in authority are judgmental and angry,

really relates to a very particular man in a very particular situation.

While the unhelpful idea

that no one can be relied upon might be the sediment of an earlier situation in

which specific people didn't help us when we badly needed them to have done so.

There are few things harder to see than our own biases, but we can, with the help of exercises,

learn to free ourselves from some of their more vicious, though invisible, tentacles.

Other people can often be extremely difficult – of that there is no doubt.

But, to an extent that may well surprise us, it isn't really people in general who are the problem.

It's almost certainly people in particular who troubled us a long time ago

and who we've taken great care to forget all about.

We may develop a lot more faith in humanity once we can be more forensic

and sad about a few key figures in the past, once we learn to unpick our projections.

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이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 50개와 단어 724개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:33입니다. 화자는 분당 약 159단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
assessment 명사	/əˈsɛsmənt/	평가
sheet 명사	/ʃit/	장, 시트
arrive 동사	/əˈɹaɪv/	도착하다
humanity 명사	/hjuˈmænɪti/	인류, 인간
rely 동사	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	의지(依支)하다
bias 명사	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	편견
innocent 형용사	/ˈɪnəsənt/	순진하다
badly 부사	/ˈbæd.li/	나쁘게, 서투르게
mood 명사	/muːd/	기분
reflect 동사	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	반사(反射)하다
difficulty 명사	/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/	어려움
painful 형용사	/ˈpeɪn.fl̩/	아프다
explore 동사	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	탐험하다
stranger 명사	/ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/	낯선 사람
furthermore 부사	/ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/	또한

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
turn around 동사	회전하다
write down 동사	적다, 적어 두다

주의할 발음

화자는 can't, we've, aren't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 9번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, sheet /ʃit/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/

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이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are filled · is warranted · can't be relied
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	we've had · we've taken

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: What Do I Project onto Other People? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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