Shadowing Practice: What Do I Project onto Other People? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
50 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
One of the most continuously fascinating ideas in psychotherapy is the concept of projection.
2
What this means, simply put, is that all of us have a storehouse of assumptions about what other people are like and how they will behave,
3
which owes very little to actual people who we meet today
4
and has a lot more to do with complications in our childhoods which we have generally forgotten all about.
5
Furthermore, these projections tend to be distinctly and unfruitfully negative.
6
We think worse of people than we should.
7
We are quicker to be afraid, to be angry and to be uncooperative than we need to be
8
because our imaginations are filled with dark experiences which reflect our painful origins and yet fail to do justice to a broader,
9
more innocent and more hopeful present.
10
As a result, our projections gum up our relationships with the world around us.
11
We arrive in the presence of other people with a great deal more aggression, suspicion, fear or doubt than is warranted in the here and now.
12
The theory of projections sounds simple and plausible enough.
13
The difficulty is that it's extremely hard to work out what it is that we are actually projecting.
14
We are far too much inside ourselves to see our own biases.
15
We can't tell how we're distorting our assessments of other people.
16
There's no gap between our judgements and our reason.
17
Yet we stand to make a little bit of progress through a simple exercise
18
which involves a a little bit of reflection on our most characteristic assumptions of other people, taken as a whole.
19
In a quiet, reflexive mood, we should title a blank sheet of paper, What I Expect Other People Will Be Like.
20
And then we should see what comes up for us.
21
A list might look like this.
22
Older men in authority are judgmental and angry.
23
Or other people can suddenly turn around and viciously attack you, or people only respect money and status,
24
or nice people aren't very competent or worthy of respect, or people can't be relied upon to help when you need them,
25
or people might be laughing or silently ridiculing.
26
The list might, to an extent that surprises us, be extremely negative.
27
The next question should be, why are we thinking this way?
28
Why do we make these sorts of generalisations?
29
Common sense tells us, because this is what reality is actually like.
30
But a more psychotherapeutic line answers back, only because this is what our childhood was like,
31
and this is what has unconsciously influenced and, if you like, poisoned, our assessment of all strangers in the present.
32
In order to honour the true complexity as well as hopefulness of the world as it is now,
33
we should then ask what specific individuals from our past might be held responsible for inspiring our range of particular
34
and particularly dark assumptions about people.
35
To every generalisation, on our sheet of paper, we should, with a different coloured pen,
36
write down a particular name who might have inspired an especially caustic assessment of humanity.
37
If we've had a certain sort of childhood, we should in time be able to arrive at definite sets of names and memories.
38
Once we start to explore, we'll be able to see that a statement like, older men in authority are judgmental and angry,
39
really relates to a very particular man in a very particular situation.
40
While the unhelpful idea
41
that no one can be relied upon might be the sediment of an earlier situation in
42
which specific people didn't help us when we badly needed them to have done so.
43
There are few things harder to see than our own biases, but we can, with the help of exercises,
44
learn to free ourselves from some of their more vicious, though invisible, tentacles.
45
Other people can often be extremely difficult – of that there is no doubt.
46
But, to an extent that may well surprise us, it isn't really people in general who are the problem.
47
It's almost certainly people in particular who troubled us a long time ago
48
and who we've taken great care to forget all about.
49
We may develop a lot more faith in humanity once we can be more forensic
50
and sad about a few key figures in the past, once we learn to unpick our projections.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C158
Why Unloved People Hate Themselves #shorts #selfcare
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Why Love NEVER Lasts FOREVER
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C144
Why Socrates Hated Democracy
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C131
The Secret to a Calm Life
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C17
Why Parents Bully Their Children
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Daddy Issues
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Your Two Options in Love After a Bad Childhood
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
LITERATURE - Charles Darwin
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1621
The Point of Travel
British AccentTravel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to Get Over Someone
British AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
POLITICAL THEORY - Karl Marx
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C116
When Love Isn't Easy
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
How To Get Over Rejection
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C18
How to Parent Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
PHILOSOPHY - The Stoics
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Why We Should Refuse to Get Into Arguments
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2How to Find Out What's Really on Your Mind
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
PHILOSOPHY - Plato
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1112
What is Emotional Intelligence?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
How To Know Yourself
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
C111
73 משפטים
Why you should "steel man" other people
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
251 משפטים
Things That Are Not What They Seem and the Truth About Life | Advanced Podcast for Conversations
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
229 משפטים
The love You Attract Reveals Who You Are | Carl Jung
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
93 משפטים
Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
17 משפטים
A Psychologist's Secret About Your Brain (You'll Wish You Knew Sooner)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
93 משפטים
Psychology Of People Who Hate Themselves (But Kind To Others)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
28 משפטים
CET-6 Listening Lectures: The Pygmalion Effect and the Spotlight Effect
American AccentBritish AccentTOEFL PrepCET-4/6 PrepUniversity Students
C1816 משפטים
Harvard Psychiatrist: 90% of Criticism is Just Projection | Dr. K
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1208 משפטים
8 steps to get your sh** together
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C15
303 משפטים
Act As If Everything Always Works Out
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 50 sentences and 724 words to shadow. The speech runs for 4:33. The speaker talks at a natural 159 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| projection noun | /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ | Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out. |
| assessment noun | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | The act of assessing or an amount (of tax, levy or duty etc) assessed. |
| assumption noun | /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ | The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting. |
| extent noun | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | A range of values or locations. |
| sheet noun | /ʃit/ | A thin bed cloth used as a covering for a mattress or as a layer over the sleeper. |
| arrive verb | /əˈɹaɪv/ | To reach; to get to a certain place. |
| humanity noun | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | Humankind; human beings as a group. |
| rely verb | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | To trust; to have confidence in; to depend. |
| bias noun | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | Inclination towards something. |
| inspire verb | /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ | To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by… |
| innocent adjective | /ˈɪnəsənt/ | Free from guilt, sin, or immorality. |
| badly adverb | /ˈbæd.li/ | In a bad manner. |
| mood noun | /muːd/ | A mental or emotional state, composure. |
| reflect verb | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface. |
| honour noun | /ˈɑnəɹ/ | British, Canadian, Commonwealth, and Ireland standard spelling of honor. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| turn around verb | To physically rotate (usually around a vertical axis) for a half turn (180 degrees), a whole turn (360 degrees), or an indefinite amount. | |
| work out verb | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | To calculate. |
| write down verb | To produce or set (something) down in writing; to record something. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 9 contractions and reduced forms, such as can't, we've, aren't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, sheet /ʃit/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like projection, assessment, assumption.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | are filled · is warranted · can't be relied |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | we've had · we've taken |
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.