Shadowing Practice: Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
93 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
I think it takes me about five minutes.
2
I think I've got five minutes to work out the kind of conversation I'm going to have
3
and the kind of person I'm talking to.
4
Hi, nice to meet you.
5
I'm Johnny.
6
So how do you know Lisa?
7
Oh, you work together, do you?
8
Great.
9
Cool.
10
No, no, no. We went to school together.
11
And so it goes.
12
We each dance in a socially prescribed script known as small talk.
13
And then we come up to a crossroads.
14
We have to decide how we're going to go on, what questions we are going to ask each other.
15
Shall I ask you about truth, about morality, about the soul?
16
Or are you going to ask me about pets, about holidays and what I watch on Netflix?
17
I'm on the record as saying that I think we should have more deep
18
and meaningful conversations because I think these kind of conversations are important to who we are and to our relationships.
19
But I feel like I need to add a caveat to that because not everybody likes deep conversations.
20
This doesn't mean that their conversations are vacuous or boring or irrelevant.
21
It's just that some people prefer the familiar.
22
They prefer to talk about holidays, about pets, about family, and so on.
23
So why is it that some people do have this burning, unquenchable desire to unravel the mysteries of the universe?
24
Some people need to write these vast and unseen essays about my philosophy, whereas other people cringe and they shy away from anything like what is the meaning of life.
25
Now I hate to say it, but this video will not answer the age-old question of nature
26
and nurture everything in life is a complicated swirl of our genes and environment and philosophy is no different.
27
But it is interesting to ask the question why it is that some people need to know.
28
Why do some people like to have philosophical conversations and some people cringe away?
29
Well today we're going to answer those questions.
30
Today we're going to look at the brain of a philosopher.
31
And to do that I want to look at the godfather of philosophical cool, Albert Camus.
32
Camus is generally considered to be one of the first and most famous absurdists in philosophical history.
33
He's certainly the best read and most loved and especially on social media.
34
Now there are many ways that you can define absurdism
35
and there are quite a few kinds of absurdism
36
but generally speaking absurdism is the philosophy
37
that tries to hold one terrible irony we are meaning-seeking creatures
38
in a meaningless world we try to find explanations for things we crave explanations for things
39
and yet the universe as a whole has no explanation to offer a human life ends
40
and all of its achievements are washed away in only a
41
few generations life itself seems like a pointless flash in the pan.
42
And so absurdism is about the tension between seeking meaning and no meaning available.
43
This is an objective principle.
44
But the fact is that not everybody can relate to absurdism.
45
Not everybody feels this way.
46
Not everybody seeks meaning in the way that Camus diagnoses in his works, especially the myth of Sisyphus.
47
I know plenty of people who never experienced the kind of existential anguish that you find in Soren Kierkegaard, Leo Tolstoy, and yes, Albert Camus.
48
They just kind of get on with their lives and
49
so I wonder are these people less intelligent and less deep than anybody else?
50
I don't think so, in fact absolutely not.
51
They're just built differently to how I am built.
52
To explore this I want to look at one of Camus' novels,
53
The Outsider or sometimes called The Stranger and in there we meet an absurdist anti-hero called Merceau.
54
Now Merceau is somebody who doesn't play by the rules
55
and we the reader and the characters in the book view him with a kind of repulsion but also respect.
56
On the one hand we see this authentic and honest person as admirable in some way and we long to emulate them, we want to see more of that in the world.
57
But on the other hand there is something anti-social about somebody who never cares what other people think
58
because we are as Kierkegaard said a paradox of a social being who craves individuality.
59
We like being around other people, but we like solitude.
60
For example, when Merceau glibly states that he'll marry his girlfriend if she's keen on it, we're inclined to appreciate that honesty.
61
And yet when he fails to show any emotion at all at his mother's funeral
62
and he begins the novel by forgetting which day she died on, we see him as robotic or even perhaps broken.
63
Now there is some debate among Camu readers about whether we should see Merceau as neurodivergent in some way, possibly with a kind of Asperger's,
64
or simply as holding a different philosophical outlook on life.
65
I do not know enough about psychology to armchair diagnose any literary character,
66
but the debate does raise an interesting question about the biological factors that incline a person towards philosophy or not.
67
So here's what we know so far.
68
Neurologically, we can identify a few areas that tend to underpin archetypally philosophical minds.
69
For example, we know that the hippocampus is linked to curiosity.
70
We can point to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to see how we can make logical goal-direct decisions
71
and exert cognitive control over thoughts and actions.
72
We can see theory of mind regions like the medial prefrontal cortex light up when we debate or discuss an idea.
73
And when it comes to the call a spade a spade nature of Merceau, who rarely does what is expected of him,
74
neuroscientists can point to the amygdala and chordate responses associated with choosing independence over conformity in the face of social pressure.
75
As with any physiology, these brain elements can be more or less efficient or developed partially due to genetic factors.
76
Some people are simply born more curious, more controlled in their reasoning and more inclined to debate.
77
So what about absurdism?
78
Are there neurological elements in those who stay up late and ask existential questions of a silent, unresponsive universe?
79
Well, possibly.
80
Some people act more from the brain's habit system than others.
81
They just kind of get on with it rather than pausing to deliberate or second guess things.
82
There are also parts of the brain that allow some people to be more comfortable with just not knowing.
83
When presented with a mystery like the absurd or a pointless universe, some people are happy to shrug and return to their lives
84
and this may have something to do with the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate.
85
None of this is to say that you are or you are not born as a philosopher.
86
As I mentioned before, we are a combination of our genes and our environment.
87
The brain adapts and bends to the world it must work with.
88
However, it does mean that much of the human nature that philosophers, including Camus, like to talk about is actually a specific type of person.
89
When I used to meet people who just don't get philosophy
90
or can't understand why others spend their lives debating the most parochial and unanswerable questions, I was baffled.
91
How can you not find this interesting?
92
How can you not love Camus?
93
Well, it might just be that philosophers are built a bit differently to others.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C152
Shakespeare: Hamlet
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1119
Arguments for God: The Fine Tuning Argument
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
Why you should "steel man" other people
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C113
“But you did it first!”: A defense of the whataboutism
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
3 philosophy classics that are better than self-help books
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
The day you died (and didn't notice)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C121
Why you can't quit social media (and the Romans knew it)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
The “Nietzsche Thesis”: Why we don’t really care about truth
British AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
One of the cruellest things to tell any child
British AccentTeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
C17
Every monster you fear is really you
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
The 4 moments that will change your life
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
C11
232 משפטים
How to Train Your Brain to Enjoy Hard Work | Andrew Huberman
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
165 משפטים
Philomena Cunk vs Prof. Jim Al Khalili CBE (2025 Edition)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C145
32 משפטים
Why You Can’t Force Your Mind to Change (The Toilet Philosophy)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
52 משפטים
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C110
50 משפטים
What Do I Project onto Other People?
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
234 משפטים
The Philosophy of Rick Sanchez
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
17 משפטים
A Psychologist's Secret About Your Brain (You'll Wish You Knew Sooner)
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
654 משפטים
Stuart & Cliffe Knechtle | Do Agnostics Just Want To Have Control? | Give Me an Answer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B212
42 משפטים
"Follow your heart or your intellect?!" #jimmycarr #crowdwork #hecklers #standupcomedy
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B211
58 משפטים
The different levels of how Claude thinks
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Some brains are built for philosophy. Is yours?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: Camu, absurdism, conversation, Merceau, philosophical. בסרטון הזה יש 93 משפטים ו-1269 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 6:51. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-185 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. רק 81% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| philosopher שם עצם | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | פִילוֹסוֹף, הוֹגֵה דֵּעוֹת |
| crave פועל | /kɹeɪv/ | הִשְׁתּוֹקֵק |
| existential שם תואר | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | קיומי |
| caveat שם עצם | /ˈkæviɑt/ | אזהרה |
| crossroads שם עצם | צוֹמֶת | |
| diagnose פועל | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | אבחן |
| godfather שם עצם | /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/ | סנדק |
| solitude שם עצם | /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ | בדידות |
| physiology שם עצם | /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | פִיזְיוֹלוֹגְיָה |
| paradox שם עצם | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | פרדוקס |
| deliberate שם תואר | /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/ | מכוון |
| irony שם עצם | /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ | אִירוֹנְיָה |
| bore פועל | /boɹ/ | שִׁעֲמֵם |
| absurd שם תואר | /əbˈsɜːd/ | אבסורד |
| curiosity שם עצם | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | סקרנות |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- Shall I ask you about truth, about morality, about the soul?
- I don't think so, in fact absolutely not.
- They're just built differently to how I am built.
- How can you not find this interesting?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is generally considered · are washed · is linked |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | people who never · somebody who doesn · somebody who never |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-16 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, we're, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, myth /mɪθ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/, anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, repulsion /ɹɪˈpʌlʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: philosophical /ˌfɪl.əˈsɑ.fɪ.kl̩/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, admirable /ˈæd.məɹ.ə.bəl/, amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: absurdism /æbˈsɝdˌɪz.m̩/, absurdist /æbˈsɝd.əst/, anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, admirable /ˈæd.məɹ.ə.bəl/, anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: crave /kɹeɪv/, prefrontal /pɹiːˈfɹʌn.təl/, anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, cortex /ˈkɔɹtɛks/, admirable /ˈæd.məɹ.ə.bəl/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: crave /kɹeɪv/, inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/, prescribe /pɹɪˈskɹaɪb/, solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/, absurd /əbˈsɜːd/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו philosopher, crave, existential.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.