Pratique du Shadowing: Why do some artists become famous? | Albert-László Barabási - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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78 phrases
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There are multiple measures of success in art.
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Some artists work for the pleasure of producing and they really don't care about external recognition.
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Some really want to make an impact in their immediate community.
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However, the traditional measure of success is really external recognition.
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What galleries show your work?
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What museums show your work?
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Is your work selling?
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Is it entering the auction market?
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The amount of money collectors are willing to pay for it.
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What are the factors that really drive these measurable successes?
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Before starting my studies in science, I wanted to be an artist.
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And I studied to be an artist and I hang out with artists and collectors and so on.
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Many of my friends as artists are convinced that they have only one job in front of them, to really express their talent,
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to paint, to sculpt, to do whatever they do.
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And it is not their job to be discovered.
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That's a society's work.
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One of the reasons I'm really interested in art beyond the intellectual interest towards art
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is because art is very different from other measures of performance.
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If you are a runner I can just have a chronometer
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and measure how fast you run and
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that will uniquely determine whether you're a good runner
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or a bad runner and also will determine the rewards you get from running.
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The problem in art is that we don't have a chronometer.
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In contemporary art it's almost impossible to look at the work in isolation and decide what is its value, how important it is.
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In the contemporary art context, the value of an artwork is determined by very complex networks.
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Who is the artist?
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Where that artist has exhibited before?
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Where was that work exhibited before?
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Who owns it and who owned it before?
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And how these multiple links connect to the canon and to art history in general. So
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if we want to understand how really value emerges in the art world
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we need to really map out these dependencies and the multiple networks that drive the value of art.
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A few years ago we did that.
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Through this mapping process we ended up getting a worldwide map of institutions where it turned out the most central nodes,
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the most connected nodes happened to be also the most prestigious museums.
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MoMA, Tate, Gogossian Gallery, some of the biggest museums worldwide.
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The most interesting aspect of this network was that it allowed us to predict artistic success.
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That is, if you give me an artist and their first five exhibits, I put them on the map and we could fast forward their career.
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Were they going to be 10, 20 years from now?
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And the predictions were incredibly accurate.
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You have to think from the perspective of the gatekeepers, And the gatekeepers are the institutions.
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And the network of how the gatekeepers are connected
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and who is paying attention to whom is really the one that determines your access to the art market as an artist.
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Because the path towards the center is much faster if you are already next to it.
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And it's very difficult for somebody to enter from the periphery.
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But our research did show that it's possible.
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We ended up finding about roughly 250 artists who really started from the bottom,
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from the periphery, from unknown institutions and made it all the way to the top.
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And what the data indicated is that they did not follow the traditional advice of how you succeed as an artist,
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which is get a gallery and work with them.
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That is, the gallery will guarantee your future.
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rather these artists who managed to go from the periphery to the center
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at the beginning of their career they worked with many many institutions
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they practically exhibited everywhere they were willing to show their work
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and through these many random acts of exhibitions they ended up hitting a couple of better connected notes
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that offered a path for them towards the center it's really reconfirmed of how important networks are in art
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and how important it is for an artist to really understand the networks in which their work is embedded in,
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in order to guarantee that sooner or later the work will arrive where he or she dreams to arrive at.
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Artistic success is driven by many factors.
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Location is one of them.
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Talent is another one.
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Talent is what gives you access to the nodes
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that you start the working talent is the one that gives you entry into the network.
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And the more talented you are, more and higher level institutions are willing to work with them.
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So the reason we can predict your future from the first five exhibits,
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because by who was willing to work with you in your five exhibits is already a measure of your talent
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and your future journey in the art world.
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The problem is that as a young artist, you don't really understand which is the better institution and which is more connected.
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Of course everybody knows the role of MoMA and the big big galleries
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but what you don't know is that among the many small galleries
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that you have access to who may have a path towards the center.
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The question you need to ask are you there in the short run on the long run?
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In the short run you can make a career to Instagram
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and these many social networks but if you are in for the long run these noise making effects don't really matter.
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The question is, can you bring an artistic practice that resonates with the time and has a unique visual characteristics?
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In that sense, science and art are not different.
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The influential artists and the influential scientists are those on whose work the next generation of artists or scientists can build on.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why do some artists become famous? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : artist, network, institution, talent, measure. Cette vidéo contient 55 phrases et 971 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:07. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 159 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 89 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre. 12 de ses 55 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| institution nom | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | institution |
| exhibit verbe | /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ | exposer |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| runner nom | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | coureur, coureuse |
| artistic adjectif | /ɑɹˈtɪs.tɪk/ | artistique |
| recognition nom | /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ | reconnaissance |
| guarantee nom | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantie |
| arrive verbe | /əˈɹaɪv/ | arriver |
| scientist nom | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scientifique, savant |
| influential adjectif | /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/ | influent |
| predict verbe | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | prédire |
| collector nom | /kəˈlɛk.tɚ/ | collectionneur, collectionneuse |
| aspect nom | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspect |
| discover verbe | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | découvrir |
| incredibly adverbe | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | incroyablement |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- What galleries showed your work?
- What museums show your work?
- Is your work selling?
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, you're, gonna. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/, auction /ˈɔkʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, prestigious /pɹɛˈstiːd͡ʒəs/, merge /mɝd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: runner /ˈɹʌnɚ/, artistic /ɑɹˈtɪs.tɪk/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme institution, exhibit, connect.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.