跟讀練習: Why do some artists become famous? | Albert-László Barabási - 通過影片學習英語口語
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78 句
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There are multiple measures of success in art.
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Some artists work for the pleasure of producing and they really don't care about external recognition.
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Some really want to make an impact in their immediate community.
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However, the traditional measure of success is really external recognition.
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What galleries show your work?
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What museums show your work?
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Is your work selling?
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Is it entering the auction market?
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The amount of money collectors are willing to pay for it.
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What are the factors that really drive these measurable successes?
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Before starting my studies in science, I wanted to be an artist.
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And I studied to be an artist and I hang out with artists and collectors and so on.
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Many of my friends as artists are convinced that they have only one job in front of them, to really express their talent,
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to paint, to sculpt, to do whatever they do.
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And it is not their job to be discovered.
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That's a society's work.
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One of the reasons I'm really interested in art beyond the intellectual interest towards art
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is because art is very different from other measures of performance.
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If you are a runner I can just have a chronometer
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and measure how fast you run and
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that will uniquely determine whether you're a good runner
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or a bad runner and also will determine the rewards you get from running.
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The problem in art is that we don't have a chronometer.
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In contemporary art it's almost impossible to look at the work in isolation and decide what is its value, how important it is.
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In the contemporary art context, the value of an artwork is determined by very complex networks.
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Who is the artist?
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Where that artist has exhibited before?
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Where was that work exhibited before?
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Who owns it and who owned it before?
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And how these multiple links connect to the canon and to art history in general. So
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if we want to understand how really value emerges in the art world
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we need to really map out these dependencies and the multiple networks that drive the value of art.
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A few years ago we did that.
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Through this mapping process we ended up getting a worldwide map of institutions where it turned out the most central nodes,
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the most connected nodes happened to be also the most prestigious museums.
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MoMA, Tate, Gogossian Gallery, some of the biggest museums worldwide.
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The most interesting aspect of this network was that it allowed us to predict artistic success.
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That is, if you give me an artist and their first five exhibits, I put them on the map and we could fast forward their career.
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Were they going to be 10, 20 years from now?
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And the predictions were incredibly accurate.
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You have to think from the perspective of the gatekeepers, And the gatekeepers are the institutions.
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And the network of how the gatekeepers are connected
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and who is paying attention to whom is really the one that determines your access to the art market as an artist.
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Because the path towards the center is much faster if you are already next to it.
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And it's very difficult for somebody to enter from the periphery.
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But our research did show that it's possible.
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We ended up finding about roughly 250 artists who really started from the bottom,
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from the periphery, from unknown institutions and made it all the way to the top.
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And what the data indicated is that they did not follow the traditional advice of how you succeed as an artist,
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which is get a gallery and work with them.
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That is, the gallery will guarantee your future.
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rather these artists who managed to go from the periphery to the center
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at the beginning of their career they worked with many many institutions
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they practically exhibited everywhere they were willing to show their work
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and through these many random acts of exhibitions they ended up hitting a couple of better connected notes
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that offered a path for them towards the center it's really reconfirmed of how important networks are in art
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and how important it is for an artist to really understand the networks in which their work is embedded in,
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in order to guarantee that sooner or later the work will arrive where he or she dreams to arrive at.
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Artistic success is driven by many factors.
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Location is one of them.
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Talent is another one.
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Talent is what gives you access to the nodes
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that you start the working talent is the one that gives you entry into the network.
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And the more talented you are, more and higher level institutions are willing to work with them.
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So the reason we can predict your future from the first five exhibits,
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because by who was willing to work with you in your five exhibits is already a measure of your talent
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and your future journey in the art world.
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The problem is that as a young artist, you don't really understand which is the better institution and which is more connected.
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Of course everybody knows the role of MoMA and the big big galleries
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but what you don't know is that among the many small galleries
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that you have access to who may have a path towards the center.
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The question you need to ask are you there in the short run on the long run?
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In the short run you can make a career to Instagram
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and these many social networks but if you are in for the long run these noise making effects don't really matter.
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The question is, can you bring an artistic practice that resonates with the time and has a unique visual characteristics?
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In that sense, science and art are not different.
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The influential artists and the influential scientists are those on whose work the next generation of artists or scientists can build on.
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Thank you.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Why do some artists become famous?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：artist, network, institution, talent, measure。 這段影片共有 55 個句子、971 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:07。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 159 個詞，接近日常對話。 89% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。 全部 55 個句子中有 12 個是問句，適合練習疑問語調和簡短回答。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| institution 名詞 | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | 制度 |
| exhibit 動詞 | /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ | 展覽 /展覽 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 連線 /連線 |
| node 名詞 | /noʊd/ | 結節 /結節 |
| runner 名詞 | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | 跑步者, 跑者 |
| artistic 形容詞 | /ɑɹˈtɪs.tɪk/ | 藝術的 /藝術的 |
| recognition 名詞 | /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ | 認出 /認出 |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保證 /保證 |
| arrive 動詞 | /əˈɹaɪv/ | 到達 /到達, 到 |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科學家 |
| influential 形容詞 | /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/ | 有影響 /有影響, 有影響力 /有影響力 |
| predict 動詞 | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | 預言 /預言 |
| collector 名詞 | /kəˈlɛk.tɚ/ | 收藏家, 收債人 /收債人 |
| aspect 名詞 | /ˈæspɛkt/ | 方面 |
| discover 動詞 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /發現, 發覺 /發覺 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| end up 動詞 | 到達 |
| turn out 動詞 | 原來 /原來 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- What galleries showed your work?
- What museums show your work?
- Is your work selling?
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 10 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, you're, gonna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/, auction /ˈɔkʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, convince /kənˈvɪns/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, node /noʊd/, artistic /ɑɹˈtɪs.tɪk/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 institution, exhibit, connect 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。