Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Why do some artists become famous? | Albert-László Barabási
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78 câu
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1
There are multiple measures of success in art.
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Some artists work for the pleasure of producing and they really don't care about external recognition.
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Some really want to make an impact in their immediate community.
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However, the traditional measure of success is really external recognition.
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What galleries show your work?
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What museums show your work?
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Is your work selling?
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Is it entering the auction market?
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The amount of money collectors are willing to pay for it.
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What are the factors that really drive these measurable successes?
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Before starting my studies in science, I wanted to be an artist.
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And I studied to be an artist and I hang out with artists and collectors and so on.
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Many of my friends as artists are convinced that they have only one job in front of them, to really express their talent,
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to paint, to sculpt, to do whatever they do.
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And it is not their job to be discovered.
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That's a society's work.
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One of the reasons I'm really interested in art beyond the intellectual interest towards art
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is because art is very different from other measures of performance.
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If you are a runner I can just have a chronometer
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and measure how fast you run and
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that will uniquely determine whether you're a good runner
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or a bad runner and also will determine the rewards you get from running.
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The problem in art is that we don't have a chronometer.
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In contemporary art it's almost impossible to look at the work in isolation and decide what is its value, how important it is.
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In the contemporary art context, the value of an artwork is determined by very complex networks.
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Who is the artist?
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Where that artist has exhibited before?
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Where was that work exhibited before?
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Who owns it and who owned it before?
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And how these multiple links connect to the canon and to art history in general. So
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if we want to understand how really value emerges in the art world
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we need to really map out these dependencies and the multiple networks that drive the value of art.
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A few years ago we did that.
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Through this mapping process we ended up getting a worldwide map of institutions where it turned out the most central nodes,
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the most connected nodes happened to be also the most prestigious museums.
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MoMA, Tate, Gogossian Gallery, some of the biggest museums worldwide.
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The most interesting aspect of this network was that it allowed us to predict artistic success.
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That is, if you give me an artist and their first five exhibits, I put them on the map and we could fast forward their career.
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Were they going to be 10, 20 years from now?
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And the predictions were incredibly accurate.
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You have to think from the perspective of the gatekeepers, And the gatekeepers are the institutions.
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And the network of how the gatekeepers are connected
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and who is paying attention to whom is really the one that determines your access to the art market as an artist.
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Because the path towards the center is much faster if you are already next to it.
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And it's very difficult for somebody to enter from the periphery.
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But our research did show that it's possible.
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We ended up finding about roughly 250 artists who really started from the bottom,
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from the periphery, from unknown institutions and made it all the way to the top.
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And what the data indicated is that they did not follow the traditional advice of how you succeed as an artist,
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which is get a gallery and work with them.
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That is, the gallery will guarantee your future.
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rather these artists who managed to go from the periphery to the center
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at the beginning of their career they worked with many many institutions
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they practically exhibited everywhere they were willing to show their work
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and through these many random acts of exhibitions they ended up hitting a couple of better connected notes
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that offered a path for them towards the center it's really reconfirmed of how important networks are in art
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and how important it is for an artist to really understand the networks in which their work is embedded in,
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in order to guarantee that sooner or later the work will arrive where he or she dreams to arrive at.
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Artistic success is driven by many factors.
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Location is one of them.
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Talent is another one.
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Talent is what gives you access to the nodes
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that you start the working talent is the one that gives you entry into the network.
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And the more talented you are, more and higher level institutions are willing to work with them.
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So the reason we can predict your future from the first five exhibits,
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because by who was willing to work with you in your five exhibits is already a measure of your talent
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and your future journey in the art world.
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The problem is that as a young artist, you don't really understand which is the better institution and which is more connected.
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Of course everybody knows the role of MoMA and the big big galleries
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but what you don't know is that among the many small galleries
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that you have access to who may have a path towards the center.
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The question you need to ask are you there in the short run on the long run?
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In the short run you can make a career to Instagram
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and these many social networks but if you are in for the long run these noise making effects don't really matter.
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The question is, can you bring an artistic practice that resonates with the time and has a unique visual characteristics?
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In that sense, science and art are not different.
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The influential artists and the influential scientists are those on whose work the next generation of artists or scientists can build on.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “Why do some artists become famous?”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: artist, network, institution, talent, measure. Video này có 55 câu và 971 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 6:07. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 159 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 89% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo. 12 trong 55 câu là câu hỏi, nên bài này hợp để luyện ngữ điệu câu hỏi và cách trả lời ngắn.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| institution danh từ | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | thể chế |
| exhibit động từ | /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ | trưng bày, phô bày |
| connect động từ | /kəˈnɛkt/ | nối |
| node danh từ | /noʊd/ | gióng |
| runner danh từ | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | người chạy |
| recognition danh từ | /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ | công nhận |
| guarantee danh từ | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | sự bảo đảm |
| arrive động từ | /əˈɹaɪv/ | đến |
| scientist danh từ | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | nhà khoa học, khoa học gia |
| predict động từ | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | dự báo |
| collector danh từ | /kəˈlɛk.tɚ/ | nhà sưu tập |
| discover động từ | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | phát hiện, phát kiến |
| incredibly trạng từ | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | khó tin nổi |
| exhibition danh từ | /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/ | triển lãm |
| reward danh từ | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | tặng thưởng, thưởng |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- What galleries showed your work?
- What museums show your work?
- Is your work selling?
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 10 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, you're, gonna. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/, auction /ˈɔkʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, prestigious /pɹɛˈstiːd͡ʒəs/, merge /mɝd͡ʒ/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, talented /ˈtæləntɪd/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, canon /ˈkæn.ən/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như institution, exhibit, connect.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.