Shadowing Practice: Everything is better than it used to be — or is it? | Agustín Fuentes - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- Traditionally, when you measure success, evolutionarily speaking, it's about a species or a population's ability to sort of continue through time, to successfully adapt, and to grow.
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So under that definition, there are 8 billion humans living everywhere on the planet.
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We are super successful in the traditional sense.
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At the same time, there's 8 billion humans living on the planet, many of them suffering horribly.
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The planet is suffering horribly.
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The climate crisis; a variety of other really horrible things are going on.
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There's a massive extinction event where plants and animals are disappearing at an unbelievable rate because of human action.
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So one might ask, "Is this evolutionary success?" "Just based on sheer number of humans, is that the way to measure it?" In the recent past, and today, there are many people who argue that like, "Wait a minute! Wait a minute! Don't complain so much, humans are doing better than they ever have done.
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There's air conditioners, there's warm showers, there's restaurants, and food, and yeah, so there's some inequality- some people don't have as much as others, but overall, we are living longer and doing better than we ever have done." So I have three responses to that: Number one, who is "we"?
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Are we talking about the entire human species?
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Well, it turns out that different humans are living very, very different lives.
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So we need to clarify that.
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Before one says, "We are doing better," let us define who that we is.
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The second problem I have with that is that these arguments are coming from one broad culture- this sort of Euro-American cultures, these intellectual traditions of a particular way of being in the world, of a particular political and economic process saying, "Well, this is the way it should be, things are better." Well, there are other ways of being in the world.
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There's lots of societies, lots of languages, lots of cultures, lots of people; many of whom have suffered enormously from this particular way of being.
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So again, how do we rectify that?
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How do we understand that?
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And the third thing, my third response to people saying, "Hey, stop complaining, things are better, we're living longer," is "Look, what is the measure of success for humans?" It has to do with how are we doing the human thing?
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How are we being human?
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And how can we minimize, not get rid of, but minimize suffering and injustice?
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Humans are always gonna have inequity and injustice: there's a lot of us, and human history always have hierarchies, and some have more and some have less, there's these incredible dynamics.
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But when it comes down to it right now, we can see that the inequity, the discrepancy in political, economic, technological, health, and many other outcomes for humans is bigger than it ever has been in the entirety of human history.
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If that's the case, something is wrong, 'cause that direction is not good for humans; we already have data that suggests and shows that it's not good for the planet.
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So, to those who say, "Calm down, everything is better than it used to be." I say, "No, it's not." It's not just surviving longer, it's not just having more, it's not just having access to technology- to really understand success, evolutionarily speaking in humans, we need to also talk about the capacity for flourishing.
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Are human bodies and societies reaching at least these minimal levels of flourishing, of health, of security, of interaction, and of well-being.
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So, I would argue, in the modern context, to understand evolutionary success for humans, we need to understand the capacity for human flourishing, and how that is distributed across our species.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Everything is better than it used to be — or is it?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: success, planet, flourishing, suffering, measure. Este vídeo tiene 26 frases y 619 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:56. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 157 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 89 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es fácil de seguir. 7 de sus 26 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| suffer verbo | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | sufrir, penar |
| flourish verbo | /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/ | florecer, florescer |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | argüir, argumentar |
| complain verbo | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | quejarse, alegar |
| evolutionary adjetivo | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | evolutivo, evolucionista |
| injustice sustantivo | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ | injusticia |
| minimize verbo | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | minimizar, achicar |
| successfully adverbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | exitosamente |
| horrible adjetivo | /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/ | horrible, horroroso |
| outcome sustantivo | /ˈaʊtkʌm/ | resultado |
| define verbo | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | determinar, definir |
| intellectual adjetivo | /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ | intelectual |
| interaction sustantivo | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | interacción, interrelación |
| minimal adjetivo | /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ | mínimo |
| disappear verbo | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | desaparecer, desparecer |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| calm down verbo | calmarse |
| turn out verbo | resultar |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- Are we talking about the entire human species?
- How do we understand that?
- How are we being human?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have done · have suffered · has been |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who argue · those who say |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar dos cosas | better than · bigger than |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que ocurre ahora o en estos días | is suffering · are going · are disappearing |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, gonna, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, sheer /ʃɪɚ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl̩/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, horribly /ˈhɔɹəbli/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como suffer, flourish, argue.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.