跟讀練習: The Internet is Worse Than Ever – Now What? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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In 2022, nearly half of Americans expected a civil war in the next few years.

One in five now believes political violence is justified.

And it's not just the US, but around the world.

People increasingly see themselves as part of opposing teams.

There are many different reasons for this, but one gets blamed a lot.

Social media.

Social media divides us, makes us more extreme and less empathetic.

It riles us up or sucks us into doom-scrolling, making us stressed and depressed.

It feels like we need to touch grass and escape to the real world.

New research shows that we might have largely misinterpreted why this is the case.

It turns out that the social media internet may uniquely undermine the way our brains work, but not in the way you think.

The myth of the filter bubble.

You've probably heard about online filter bubbles.

give you exactly what you want or what they think you want.

You only see information that shows you opinions that agree with yours, while dissenting opinions or information are filtered out.

Since you only see content close to your world view, more extreme and toxic opinions suddenly seem less extreme.

You're trapped in a radicalizing filter bubble and your view of the world becomes narrower and more extreme.

But is that true?

Extreme filter bubbles seem to be rather rare.

Studies that investigated what people actually look at online, or are shown by search engines, found little evidence that you are ideologically isolated.

It's the exact opposite.

Online you are constantly confronted with opinions and worldviews that are not your own.

It turns out that the place where you are the most ideologically isolated is your real life, in the real world, with real people.

Your real world interactions with your friends, family, colleagues and neighbors are much less diverse than your online bubble.

The filter bubble exists in your real life, not online.

Okay, wait.

Online filter bubbles have been the prevailing explanation as to why

we've all started hating each other more over the last two decades.

If that's not the case, shouldn't the internet open our minds and make us more empathetic with each other?

Unfortunately, your brain is stupid it.

Your brain is stupid.

Human brains didn't evolve to understand the true nature of reality, but to navigate and maintain social structures.

Our ancestors desperately needed each other to survive, so our brains had to make sure we cooperated.

That's why social isolation or exclusion feels so horrible, because it was actually life-threatening.

A tribe that that worked together survived.

A divided tribe died.

The way communities worked for thousands of years is that sure, you may have disliked a neighbor, but because you lived close to each other, you also rooted for the same sports club or saw them at church.

You both thought that the people from the other village were idiots.

Being physically close made you familiar and created similarities that bridge the gap of different worldviews so you didn't murder each other.

And your worldview was probably not that different in the first place because it was formed by the same local culture.

When our brains evolved, this was enough.

Whoever was around was similar to us.

liked what was similar to us.

This kept us aligned enough to work together despite our differences.

As humanity moved on from small tribes to towns and cities, from chiefdoms to kingdoms to nations,

our brains and our communities had to adapt to more diverse sets of neighbors.

We began to meet on the town square or in universities where we argued and screamed at each other, but in the grand scheme of things, communities were still relatively isolated,

we were still pretty similar and aligned with the people around us.

Conflict and disagreement are not a bad thing per se.

Tension over how we should live can create new and wonderful things.

Our values, norms and taboos are always evolving and whatever we think is normal today will not be normal in the future.

But we also need social glue to hold our societies together

because our brains don't care about the meta-level of humanity but about being safe in a tribe.

Until about 20 years ago, we did something truly new that hit our brains like a freight train.

The social media internet, the digital town square.

Don't you dare disagree with me.

Social sorting.

In a nutshell, our brains are not able to process the amount of disagreement we encounter on the social internet.

The very mechanisms

that made it possible for our ancestors to work together in

the first place are derailed in ways we were not prepared for.

Whether you want it to or not, your brain sorts people by worldviews and opinions into teams.

This is not simply tribalism, it goes further.

Researchers have called this process social sorting.

On the digital town square, you encounter people that express opinions or share information that clash with your worldview.

But unlike your neighbor, they don't root for your local sports club.

You're missing the local social glue your brain needs to align with them.

your brain, the disagreement between yourself and them becomes a central part of their identity.

And this makes it less likely that you will seriously consider their position or opinion in the future.

If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to believe it uncritically.

On the flip side, there are people who share your worldview

and are maybe even more similar to you than many people in your real life, which makes your brain like them a lot and kind of hyper-align with them.

People who think like you are probably good people

because you're a good person and whatever social group you belong to is good.

So your brain is more likely to believe their opinions.

If you hear bad things about them, your brain is much more likely to dismiss it uncritically.

The engagement driven social internet makes it worse because it wants to keep you online as long as possible.

And the most engaging emotion is, unfortunately, anger.

The more angry you get, the more likely you are to share and engage.

And this leads to social media amplifying the most extreme and controversial opinions.

It optimizes not only to show us disagreement, but the worst disagreement possible.

And because your stupid brain is sorting people into teams, whatever the worst opinions are, it assigns the same opinions to everybody on the other team.

What's striking and new about online polarization is that all the aspects of our lives that make us individuals, our lifestyle choices, the comedians or shows we watch,

our religion, sense of fashion and so on, are condensed, making it seem that they're parts of opposing and mutually exclusive identities.

This simplifies and distorts disagreements about how we should run society

so much that it often seems as if the people on the other team are actively, willfully making the world worse.

That they are almost evil beyond convincing with rationality, facts or civil discussion.

While you are of course on the correct team, it may be hard to process that you may seem like that to people on the other team.

On a societal level, this is dissolving the social glue that's the foundation of our democracies.

If we think our neighbors are evil, how can we live together?

This is especially bad in the US, where the two-party system makes it extra easy to think of people in terms of teams.

Negative opinion about the other party has reached record highs.

Okay, is there something we can learn from this?

Is there something we can do?

Something more positive?

Opinion part.

In the end, it's important to be aware of what social media does to your brain.

It's easier to change yourself than to change the world, so you can self-examine why you believe the things you believe,

and whether you dismiss or believe information based on who the person is who is stating that information.

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The internet comes with a lot of ups and downs, and just like we had to adapt from living in small tribes to living in cities,

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we need to adapt to the information age where we have access to billions of people.

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Evolution is too slow, so we need to find models that work with what our brains are able to tolerate.

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One model that seemed to work well was the pre-social media internet old people might remember.

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Bulletin boards, forums, blogs.

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The main difference to today was two-fault.

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For one, there were no algorithms fighting to keep you online at any cost.

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At some point you were done with the internet for the day, as mind-blowing as this may sound.

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But more importantly, the old internet was very fractured, split into thousands of different communities, like small villages gathering around shared beliefs and interests.

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These villages were separated from each other by digital rivers or mountains.

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These communities worked because they mirrored real life much more than social media.

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Each village had its own culture and set of rules.

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Maybe one community was into rough humor and soft moderation, another had strict rules and banned easily.

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If you didn't play by the village rules, you'd be banned.

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you could just go and move to another village that suited you better.

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So instead of all of us gathering in one place, overwhelming our brains at a town square that in the end just leads us to going insane,

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one solution to achieve less social sorting may be extremely simple.

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Go back to smaller online communities.

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Because what our stupid brains don't realize is that we are actually all on the same team.

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Humanity, on a wet rock, speeding through space in a universe that doesn't think about us.

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We are all in this together.

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But until our brains adjust to being able to deal with that, we might be better off being a tiny bit separated.

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One of the worst things about the media we consume is that most news organizations tend to cater to one team, making you feel you're on the correct side.

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Ground News, the sponsor of this video, is trying to make these biases more transparent by giving you tools that help you think critically about the information you consume,

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a mission we wholeheartedly support.

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Ground News gathers related articles from around the world in one place, so you can compare how different outlets and sides cover them.

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They provide context about the source of the information, if they have a political bias, how reliable their reporting is, and who owns them.

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This makes the news less stressful and makes you understand the world much better.

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If you want to check them out, go to ground.news.nuchal.

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If you sign up through this link, you'll get 30% off their unlimited access plan.

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A subscription supports Kurzgesagt and Ground News, so they can continue to build more media literacy tools.

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Our favorite tool has a personal background.

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In 2018, Kurzgesagt founder Philip, who wrote this video, was going through chemotherapy and was intensely bored.

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So he ended up reading all the big German newspapers, even the ones he hated front to back, every single day.

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Aside from the obvious biases, what was the most shocking were the stories each side did not talk about.

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Both sides ignored things that are inconvenient to their worldviews.

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The Ground News blindspot feed highlights this exact thing, showing you news stories that are heavily covered by one side of the political spectrum and ignored by the other.

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So check them out at ground.news.nutshell to make sure you're seeing the full picture.

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背景與概況

在2022年，幾乎一半的美國人預計在接下來的幾年中可能會發生內戰，五分之一的人認為政治暴力是合理的。這樣的現象不僅存在於美國，在全球範圍內也有所體現。人們越來越多地將自己視為對立陣營的一部分。社交媒體常常被指責為加劇這種情況的主要原因。社交媒體使我們變得更加極端，減少了同理心，往往促使我們沉浸在負面情緒中。因此，很多人感到有必要從虛擬世界中抽離出來，迴歸現實。然而，最新研究表明，我們可能對這種現象的理解存在誤區。社交媒體的影響或許對我們的大腦運作方式產生了獨特的破壞，但不是我們想像的那樣。

日常交流的五個常用短語

社交媒體在我們生活中的作用如何？
我們是否被過濾泡沫孤立了？
親密的鄰里關係如何影響我們對他人的看法？
如何應對社會隔離帶來的壓力？
衝突是否可以帶來積極的改變？

逐步影子跟讀指南

要有效提升英語口語能力，可以通過影子跟讀（英語影子跟讀）來練習。以下是逐步指導，幫助你輕鬆應對這段影片中的內容：

選擇影片片段：從影片中選擇一小段，長度為30秒至1分鐘，確保內容足夠豐富，便於練習。
聆聽與理解：首次觀看時，集中注意力聽講者的語調與情感，注意他們如何表達觀點。
逐句模仿：暫停影片，儘量模仿每句話的發音和語調。可以重複幾次，直到感覺自然。
錄音回聽：錄下自己的聲音，並與影片中的語音對比，找出發音上的差異。這是提高英語發音的有效方法。
反覆練習：每天花15分鐘進行跟讀練習，逐步提升口語流利度和自信心。

利用這種shadowspeaks方法，能夠有效提高英語口語練習，同時克服社交媒體帶來的負面影響，讓自己更接地氣。在社交環境中積極交流，有助於擴充套件我們對他人的理解與包容。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is justified · are filtered · are shown
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	You've probably heard · have been · have called
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	people who share · life, which makes · People who think

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: The Internet is Worse Than Ever – Now What? - 通過影片學習英語口語

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背景與概況

日常交流的五個常用短語

逐步影子跟讀指南

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？