跟讀練習: Why Have We Become So Mean? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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131 句
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How did we get so mean?
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The problem with me.
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And then third, the key to loving.
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First, how did we get so mean?
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A couple years ago, I read an article and saved it.
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It was written by David Brooks.
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He wrote an article in The Atlantic with that title, How America Got So Mean.
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And he points out something there in the article
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that I think most of us have come to see or to realize and that it seems that people are getting meaner.
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We're getting meaner.
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Simply just how we increasingly treat those out in public or complete strangers.
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Brooks mentions in the article about an owner of a restaurant who recounts
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that he has to kick somebody out of his restaurant for crude or rude behavior about once a week.
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Something he said he didn't have to do like years, decades ago.
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The Wall Street Journal just on Monday had an article saying how nurses around the country are leaving in droves.
《華爾街日報》就在星期一刊登了一篇報導，指出全國各地的護理師正大量離職。
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What's one of the main reasons nurses are quitting?
護理師離職的主要原因之一是什麼？
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The way they say that they're being treated by patients and the patient's families.
他們提到被病患與病患家屬對待的方式。
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A number of nurses that were interviewed for the article talked about how not just verbal altercations, but even violence, physical, of getting punched,
許多受訪談的護士在文章中提到，不只是口頭爭執，甚至還會遇到肢體暴力，像是被毆打。
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getting kicked, getting spit upon.
被人踢、被人吐口水。
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And Brooks, in the article in The Atlantic, he asked the question, how did we get this way?
而布魯克斯在《大西洋》雜誌的文章中提出了一個問題：我們是怎麼變成這個樣子的？
21
How did we get so mean, or how are we getting meaner?
我們為什麼變得這麼刻薄，或者說，我們是怎麼變得越來越刻薄的？
22
And he argues that the problem goes deeper than because of what social media is doing or politics.
他主張，這個問題的根源比社群媒體的影響或政治因素更為深遠。
23
He says that we've largely stopped forming people in virtue, in moral character.
他表示，我們在很大程度上已經不再培養人們的美德與道德品格。
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He says there were times when institutions, there are institutions like family, the institution of family, schools,
他表示，過去有些時候存在著各種制度，像是家庭制度、學校這類機構，
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churches placed a lot of emphasis on teaching people on how to be good and decent human beings.
教會非常重視教導人們如何成為良善、端正的人。
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But that's changed.
但現在狀況已經改變了。
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Emphasis has changed.
重點已經改變了。
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Instead of teaching people how to become good, we started telling people that they're already good.
我們不再教導人們如何變得更好，反而開始告訴他們，他們本來就很好。
29
And because you're already good, what you need to do and what really matters is that you just need to get in touch with yourself.
而且因為你本來就已經很優秀了，你真正需要做、也真正重要的事，就是回歸與自己的內心連結。
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You just need to discover yourself, discover who you are, doing what feels right for you.
你只需要探索自我，找到真正的自己，去做對你來說感覺對的事。
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And Brooks says that the result of this is what we've created is what he calls a self -referential world.
布魯克斯表示，這一切的結果就是我們創造出了他所謂的「自我指涉的世界」。
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A world where it increasingly revolves around me.
一個越來越以我為中心的世界。
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What I feel, what I want, what I think, what makes me happy.
我的感受、我的渴望、我的想法、還有那些讓我開心的事物。
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And when everything revolves around me, it becomes really hard to care about the other.
當一切都以我為中心時，就會很難去在意另一個人。
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And we can become mean.
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Which brings me secondly here to the problem with me.
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In the gospel today, we hear once again that the Pharisees are trying to trap Jesus.
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They come up to him and they try to trap him by the question of which is the greatest of the commandments.
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And you don't have time really to say on how this is a trap.
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But out of the 600 commandments, they come up and they say, which of the commandments is the greatest?
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And notice what Jesus doesn't say.
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He doesn't say be a good person, be polite, have good manners.
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He says love God with your whole mind, heart, and soul and love your neighbor as yourself.
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He boils everything down to love.
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why because love requires us to get over ourselves and
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that is not something we do well as human beings to love god means to have him at the center
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which means i cannot be the center to love my neighbor means
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that someone else good someone else's good matters to me
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and not just my own but the wild thing is
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that this cuts so much deeper than we first think the problem is
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so much deeper it reveals the the of the problem that's we within us be
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because of sin is so much deeper because we know
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that it's possible to do good things for people and still have it be all about me.
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You might say like, well, I'm a good person.
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Like I'm not one of those people that David Brooks is talking about in that article about being mean.
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Like I'm a generous person.
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I'm kind.
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I treat people well.
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But I can be generous because of what people will think about me and what I get in return.
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I can go out of my way to help somebody.
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But if they don't say thank you, how it bothers.
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See, my generosity, even in my generosity, there can be alternative motives on why I do the things that I do,
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that I treat people well well, it might be because it's out in public and that they'll think well of me.
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It can still be self -referential.
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And the place where our self -centeredness is most clearly seen is with those that are closest to us.
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St. Jose Maria Escriva, they composed a book of a lot of his one -
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or two -liner heavy -hitting quotes on different topics.
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It's called The Way.
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It's a great book to have on your, you know, your coffee table to pick up and just look at some of his quotes.
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And one of them, he's describing the person who seems to be wonderful from a distance.
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But it is a very different person up close.
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He says this.
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He says, your charity or your love.
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Your charity is ostentatious.
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It's showy.
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From afar, you attract you give off light from near you repel you lack warmth what a pity
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what a pity he says from afar you attract you give off light
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from nearby you repel and lack warmth from afar what a what a wonderful person he is Why,
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you know, man, he's really just a great guy.
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He's so kind.
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Or she's so generous.
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The way, how loving she is.
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From near, perhaps with our spouse or with our kids.
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Impatient, rude, crude even.
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That can be a very uncomfortable truth.
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The uncomfortable truth that even when, and it's on display then, when it becomes more distance, when we're trying to love others,
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we can still find a way that it might still have the corners of our hearts where it's about ourselves.
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This is sin in us.
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Our will being bent, which brings us to the key, the key to loving.
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It's really the required prerequisite of loving God and loving our neighbor.
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See, what we need, what we desperately need is to be loved by someone whose love is completely free of selfishness,
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who doesn't have an ounce of self -centeredness in it, someone who isn't trying to get something out of it by loving us.
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God has nothing to gain by loving you and me.
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and yet he gives everything.
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Romans 5a, while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
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Not when we had everything all put together, not when we stopped sinning, not when while we were still sinners, Christ died for you and me.
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That's the love in which we need to receive.
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this is why others commenting on this
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and church fathers on the jesus's greatest commandment of loving god
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and loving our neighbor ourselves what do a lot of times they point to first john chapter four we love
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because he first loved us we cannot it sounds cliche right we can't give what we haven't received
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but it is so true especially when it comes to this and receiving the authentic and non -self -referential love.
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You notice, you're saying Paul in the second readings, right?
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He's talking about the Thessalonians received the gospel,
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became imitators of Christ, and then they became models for others.
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They received, they were formed, and then they became an example for other people to live their life, to be men and women of virtue,
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to be men and women of love.
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We need to teach our young people.
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We need to be taught about moral character and virtue.
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We need to teach them how to love.
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We have to show them what love looks like.
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But it starts with, and perhaps it's most importantly, to teach them how to receive the love of God, that your life matters.
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That you're worth the trouble.
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That God went to the cross for you.
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That an infinite God loves you more than you can imagine.
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But perhaps that starts with us receiving that.
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And so let me ask you.
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When was the last time you actually received the love of God?
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Where you sat with it?
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You soaked it in.
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you absorbed it
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give the Lord 30 minutes this week where you're going to sit down
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and you intentionally say this time this 30 minutes is just to sit and to soak in the love of God
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whether that's coming here to the church or the adoration chapel or it's finding a spot in your home
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you might consider praying with the four verses Isaiah chapter 43 verses 1 to 4.
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Open up the scriptures to those four passages for 30 minutes as you read it.
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Your only objective is to receive and soak in authentic,
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non -self -referential, non -self -centered love.
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If we want a generation that knows how to love and maybe to be not so mean,
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we have to become people who know how to love.
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And perhaps that begins with first allowing ourselves to sit and receive the love of God.
FOR YOU
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Why Have We Become So Mean?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：loving, article, self。 這段影片共有 131 個句子、1577 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 11:42。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 135 個詞，很適合跟讀。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| neighbour 名詞 | /ˈneɪbɚ/ | 鄰居 /鄰居, 比鄰 /比鄰 |
| institution 名詞 | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | 制度 |
| nurse 名詞 | /nɝs/ | 護士 /護士, 看護 /看護 |
| trap 名詞 | /tɹæp/ | 陷阱, 圈套 |
| generous 形容詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɛn(ə)ɹəs/ | 慷慨, 大方 |
| soak 動詞 | /soʊk/ | 濕透 /溼透 |
| moral 形容詞 | /ˈmoɹəl/ | 道德的 |
| charity 名詞 | /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ | 慈善機構 /慈善機構 |
| discover 動詞 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /發現, 發覺 /發覺 |
| rude 形容詞 | /ɹuːd/ | 粗暴, 無禮 /無禮 |
| attract 動詞 | /əˈtɹækt/ | 吸引 |
| emphasis 名詞 | /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ | 強調 /強調 |
| uncomfortable 形容詞 | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | 不舒服 |
| gospel 名詞 | /ˈɡɑspəl/ | 福音書 /福音書 |
| verse 名詞 | /ˈvɝs/ | 詩 /詩 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| give off 動詞 | /ɡɪv ɒf/ | 散發 /散發, 發出 /發出 |
| come up 動詞 | 上來 /上來 | |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾取, 撿 /撿 | |
| point out 動詞 | 指, 指出 | |
| put together 動詞 | 拼合, 組合 /組合 | |
| sit down 動詞 | 坐下, 坐 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- How did we get so mean?
- First, how did we get so mean?
- What's one of the main reasons nurses are quitting?
- How did we get so mean, or how are we getting meaner?
- Where you sat with it?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was written · being treated · were interviewed |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have come · has changed · we've created |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | person who seems · someone who isn · people who know |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 24 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, you're, doesn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/, impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/, referential /ɹɛfəˈɹɛnʃəl/, adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, generosity /ˌd͡ʒɛn.əˈɹɑ.sə.ti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, verse /ˈvɝs/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, drove /dɹoʊv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: nurse /nɝs/, trap /tɹæp/, generous /ˈd͡ʒɛn(ə)ɹəs/, soak /soʊk/, rude /ɹuːd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: moral /ˈmoɹəl/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, referential /ɹɛfəˈɹɛnʃəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 neighbour, institution, nurse 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。