跟读练习: Why don't you remember being a baby? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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What's the earliest memory that you have?
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Well, I've got bad news, it's probably fake.
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According to neuroscientists, anyone who says they remember being a baby is probably lying, but they don't even know it.
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Psychologists did this experiment where they interviewed three -year -olds about real stuff.
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Zoo trips, first day of preschool, that kind of thing.
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Then they came back years later and asked those kids to recall those memories.
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By age 5, 6, or 7, they remembered 60 % or more of those early life events, But by age 8 or 9, they only remembered like 40%.
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Most of that early memory was gone, and it declines quickly from there.
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So you didn't forget being a baby when you were a baby.
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You forgot it in like second grade.
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Researchers from Yale put infant babies in an MRI, which is probably easier said than done.
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And they showed that a key memory area of the brain, called the hippocampus, well, it lights up when a baby locks in on, say, a photo that it's never seen before.
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So our memory is definitely running by about age 1.
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The memories get made, but something's happening to them after.
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Well, here's what we think's going on.
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During the first few years of life, that memory region of the brain is being flooded with new, growing neurons.
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This shuffles around the cells that were already there, rewiring the chain of neurons and basically breaking that old memory.
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There's research in mice that suggests that maybe those memories could still be hiding in there somewhere, they just can't be accessed test.
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See, when scientists zapped the original neurons with light in mice, some early memories came back.
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But we've never tested the same thing in humans, because it turns out to be pretty hard to recruit people to get fiber optic cables shoved in their brains.
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But why would a brain do this?
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When you're like one, you don't need to remember specific events as much as you
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need to figure out the rules for things like language or how the physical world works, so your brain focuses its energy on that.
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Still, nearly 40 % of people say that their first memory is from age 2 or younger.
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And somebody's probably going to be in the comments telling me that they definitely remember being born.
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But you probably don't.
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All this research suggests that those are almost certainly reconstructions that are pieced together from family stories and photos and later memories.
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So some version of you learned language, discovered what gravity was, and all those other things.
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But sadly, you can never meet that version of yourself.
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Follow me for more cool science videos.
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本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 30 个句子、442 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:19。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 190 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 88% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：

  • mouse /maʊs/ (名词) — лочў, 鳥鼠 /鸟鼠. Any mammal of the many rodent families (especially Muridae) that have a small body and a long tail.
  • decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ (动词) — 惡化 /恶化. To move downwards, to fall, to drop.
  • recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/ (动词) — 罷免 /罢免, 召回. To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
  • discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ (动词) — 發現 /发现, 發覺 /发觉. To find or learn something for the first time.
  • experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (名词) — 實驗 /实验. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
  • flood /flʌd/ (名词) — 洪水, 洪災 /洪灾. An overflow of a large amount of water (usually disastrous) from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
  • scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (名词) — 科學家 /科学家. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
  • infant /ˈɪn.fənt/ (名词) — 嬰兒 /婴儿. A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.
  • reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/ (名词) — 重建. The action of reconstructing something, not necessarily to the earlier state.
  • researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (名词) — 研究員 /研究员, 研究者. One who researches.
  • recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ (动词) — 招聘, 徵兵 /征兵. To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
  • psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ (名词) — 心理學家 /心理学家. An expert in the field of psychology.
  • shove /ʃʌv/ (动词) — 推, 推搡. To push, especially roughly or with force.
  • optic /ˈɑp.tɪk/ (形容词) — 視覺的 /视觉的. Of, or relating to the eye or to vision.
  • neuron /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ (名词) — 神經細胞 /神经细胞, 神經元 /神经元. A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

视频中出现的短语动词

  • come back (动词) — 回來 /回来, 返回. To return to a place.
  • figure out (动词) — 弄清楚. To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 8 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, can't, didn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/, shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/
  • 长单词——注意重音位置: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/

如何用这段视频练习

  1. 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
  2. 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
  3. 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 mouse, decline, recall 这类单词。

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的being flooded · can't be accessed · being born
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物anyone who says · MRI, which is

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →