Практика Shadowing: Why don't you remember being a baby? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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What's the earliest memory that you have?
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Well, I've got bad news, it's probably fake.
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According to neuroscientists, anyone who says they remember being a baby is probably lying, but they don't even know it.
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Psychologists did this experiment where they interviewed three -year -olds about real stuff.
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Zoo trips, first day of preschool, that kind of thing.
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Then they came back years later and asked those kids to recall those memories.
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By age 5, 6, or 7, they remembered 60 % or more of those early life events, But by age 8 or 9, they only remembered like 40%.
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Most of that early memory was gone, and it declines quickly from there.
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So you didn't forget being a baby when you were a baby.
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You forgot it in like second grade.
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Researchers from Yale put infant babies in an MRI, which is probably easier said than done.
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And they showed that a key memory area of the brain, called the hippocampus, well, it lights up when a baby locks in on, say, a photo that it's never seen before.
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So our memory is definitely running by about age 1.
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The memories get made, but something's happening to them after.
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Well, here's what we think's going on.
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During the first few years of life, that memory region of the brain is being flooded with new, growing neurons.
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This shuffles around the cells that were already there, rewiring the chain of neurons and basically breaking that old memory.
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There's research in mice that suggests that maybe those memories could still be hiding in there somewhere, they just can't be accessed test.
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See, when scientists zapped the original neurons with light in mice, some early memories came back.
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But we've never tested the same thing in humans, because it turns out to be pretty hard to recruit people to get fiber optic cables shoved in their brains.
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But why would a brain do this?
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When you're like one, you don't need to remember specific events as much as you
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need to figure out the rules for things like language or how the physical world works, so your brain focuses its energy on that.
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Still, nearly 40 % of people say that their first memory is from age 2 or younger.
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And somebody's probably going to be in the comments telling me that they definitely remember being born.
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But you probably don't.
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All this research suggests that those are almost certainly reconstructions that are pieced together from family stories and photos and later memories.
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So some version of you learned language, discovered what gravity was, and all those other things.
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But sadly, you can never meet that version of yourself.
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Follow me for more cool science videos.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

В этом видео 30 предложений и 442 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 2:19. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 190 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 88% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 менее частых слов из видео с произношением и значением:

  • mouse /maʊs/ (существительное) — мышь, мы́шка. Any mammal of the many rodent families (especially Muridae) that have a small body and a long tail.
  • decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ (глагол) — спада́ть. To move downwards, to fall, to drop.
  • recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/ (глагол) — отзыва́ть, отозва́ть. To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
  • discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ (глагол) — открыва́ть, откры́ть. To find or learn something for the first time.
  • experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (существительное) — экспериме́нт, о́пыт. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
  • flood /flʌd/ (существительное) — наводне́ние, пото́п. An overflow of a large amount of water (usually disastrous) from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
  • gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/ (существительное) — серьёзность, ва́жность. Of an activity such as a ceremony, a person's conduct, etc.: the quality of being deeply serious and solemn, especially in a dignified manner; seriousness…
  • scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (существительное) — учёный, учёная. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
  • sadly /ˈsædli/ (наречие) — гру́стно, печа́льно. In a sad manner; sorrowfully.
  • infant /ˈɪn.fənt/ (существительное) — младе́нец, ребёнок. A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.
  • reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/ (существительное) — реконстру́кция, воссозда́ние. The action of reconstructing something, not necessarily to the earlier state.
  • researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (существительное) — иссле́дователь, иссле́довательница. One who researches.
  • recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ (глагол) — вербова́ть, завербова́ть. To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
  • psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ (существительное) — психо́лог. An expert in the field of psychology.
  • shove /ʃʌv/ (глагол) — пиха́ть, пихну́ть. To push, especially roughly or with force.

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

  • come back (глагол) — возвраща́ться, возврати́ться. To return to a place.
  • figure out (глагол) — разбира́ться, разобра́ться. To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.
  • go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (глагол) — продолжа́ть, продо́лжить. To continue in extent.
  • light up (глагол) — свети́ть, освети́ть. To illuminate, to bring light to something, to brighten.

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 8 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, can't, didn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/, shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как mouse, decline, recall.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетbeing flooded · can't be accessed · being born
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеanyone who says · MRI, which is

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →