シャドーイング練習: Why don't you remember being a baby? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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What's the earliest memory that you have?
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Well, I've got bad news, it's probably fake.
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According to neuroscientists, anyone who says they remember being a baby is probably lying, but they don't even know it.
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Psychologists did this experiment where they interviewed three -year -olds about real stuff.
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Zoo trips, first day of preschool, that kind of thing.
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Then they came back years later and asked those kids to recall those memories.
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By age 5, 6, or 7, they remembered 60 % or more of those early life events, But by age 8 or 9, they only remembered like 40%.
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Most of that early memory was gone, and it declines quickly from there.
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So you didn't forget being a baby when you were a baby.
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You forgot it in like second grade.
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Researchers from Yale put infant babies in an MRI, which is probably easier said than done.
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And they showed that a key memory area of the brain, called the hippocampus, well, it lights up when a baby locks in on, say, a photo that it's never seen before.
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So our memory is definitely running by about age 1.
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The memories get made, but something's happening to them after.
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Well, here's what we think's going on.
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During the first few years of life, that memory region of the brain is being flooded with new, growing neurons.
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This shuffles around the cells that were already there, rewiring the chain of neurons and basically breaking that old memory.
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There's research in mice that suggests that maybe those memories could still be hiding in there somewhere, they just can't be accessed test.
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See, when scientists zapped the original neurons with light in mice, some early memories came back.
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But we've never tested the same thing in humans, because it turns out to be pretty hard to recruit people to get fiber optic cables shoved in their brains.
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But why would a brain do this?
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When you're like one, you don't need to remember specific events as much as you
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need to figure out the rules for things like language or how the physical world works, so your brain focuses its energy on that.
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Still, nearly 40 % of people say that their first memory is from age 2 or younger.
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And somebody's probably going to be in the comments telling me that they definitely remember being born.
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But you probably don't.
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All this research suggests that those are almost certainly reconstructions that are pieced together from family stories and photos and later memories.
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So some version of you learned language, discovered what gravity was, and all those other things.
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But sadly, you can never meet that version of yourself.
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Follow me for more cool science videos.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が30文、単語が442語あります。 音声の長さは2:19です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約190語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくるやや難しい単語14語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

  • mouse /maʊs/ (名詞) — 鼠, ネズミ. Any mammal of the many rodent families (especially Muridae) that have a small body and a long tail.
  • recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/ (動詞) — 呼び返す. To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
  • discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ (動詞) — 発見する, 見つける. To find or learn something for the first time.
  • experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ (名詞) — 実験. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of…
  • flood /flʌd/ (名詞) — 洪水, 大水. An overflow of a large amount of water (usually disastrous) from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
  • scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (名詞) — 科学者. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
  • infant /ˈɪn.fənt/ (名詞) — 赤ちゃん, 赤ん坊. A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.
  • researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (名詞) — 研究員, 研究者. One who researches.
  • recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ (動詞) — 募集する. To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
  • psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ (名詞) — 心理学者. An expert in the field of psychology.
  • shove /ʃʌv/ (動詞) — 押す, 押し込む. To push, especially roughly or with force.
  • neuron /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ (名詞) — 神経細胞. A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.
  • hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/ (名詞) — 海馬. A mythological creature with the front head and forelimbs of a horse and the rear of a fish.
  • zap /zæp/ (動詞) — なぐる, 殺す. To make a zap sound.

動画に出てくる句動詞

  • come back (動詞) — 戻る, 帰る. To return to a place.

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, can't, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, shove /ʃʌv/, shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, hippocampus /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkæm.pəs/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。mouse, recall, discoverなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるbeing flooded · can't be accessed · being born
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加えるanyone who says · MRI, which is

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →