تدريب Shadowing: How the Internet Is Changing Friendship - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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We live in a time of constant communication.
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No matter where in the world our friends are, or how long it's been since we've seen them, as long as they stay on social media, we never have to lose touch.
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But is social media strengthening friendships or making them shallower?
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According to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, the highest number of people you can maintain a meaningful relationship with at one time ranges from 100 to 200, depending on how social you are.
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And many of us have a lot more social media connections than that.
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Friendship researcher William Rawlins divides friendships into three categories: active, dormant, and commemorative.
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A friendship is active if you're regularly in touch with that person, if you feel you can call on them for emotional support, and if you pretty much know what's going on with their lives.
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A dormant friend is someone you have history with, but whom you haven't spoken to in a while.
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But if you were in the same town as them, you'd definitely hit them up, and it wouldn't be weird.
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And then, a commemorative friend is someone who was important to you at an earlier time in your life, but you don't really expect to see or hear from them, maybe ever again.
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You remember them fondly, but they remain firmly in the past.
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Or they would have, before social media.
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Facebook is like a trophy case for these commemorative friendships.
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You can see what your childhood camp friend thinks about politics, you can get a "Happy Birthday" message from an old Little League teammate.
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As you grow older, more and more of your active friendships will become dormant or commemorative.
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That's because friendships naturally fade as people grow up.
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According to the American Time Use Survey, young people aged 15 to 19 spend the most time socializing per day while older adults have less time to spend with their friends.
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One study found that the more people moved, the more willing they were to get rid of objects, but the more willing they were to get rid of their objects they also reported being more willing to cut social ties too.
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Which suggests that people who move a lot may see their friendships as more disposable.
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But a friendship isn't the same as that crumpled soccer team sweatshirt you finally threw out after your 3rd move.
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Technology offers us a way to extend the lifespan of these friendships, even long-distance ones, with minimal effort.
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But some of those friendships aren't really living. It's more like they're on life support.
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According to friendship researcher Emily Langan, any contact at all is the bare minimum of what it takes to keep a friendship alive.
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So if you write on someone's Facebook wall, or comment on their Instagram, you’re doing a form of friendship maintenance.
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Social media allows you to maintain more friendships, but more shallowly.
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But if you just focus on your closest friends, it's also a tool that can help you deepen your relationships.
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The more platforms friends use to communicate, in addition to seeing each other in person, the stronger their relationship.
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Researchers call this media multiplexity theory.
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So social media can both strengthen the friendships you care about, and keeps some relationships alive past their natural expiration date.
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Friendships are a uniquely flexible kind of relationship because unlike with our family members or romantic partners, there are no clear expectations or obligations This makes it easy to drop when things get busy, but it also means that a period of dormancy doesn't mean the friendship is over.
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In a series of interviews Rawlins did with middle-aged Americans, he found that many still considered themselves to be friends with people they hadn't been in touch with in a long time.
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But they felt like they could pick right back up where they left off.
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So maybe that's the biggest gift the Internet gives us.
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A place to find our friends, when we're ready to pick up where we left off.
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The effort has to come from you, and liking a status won't be enough, but when you're ready, your friends are there, in your pocket, waiting for you to reconnect.
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This is "You Are Here", a new series about the science behind everyday life.
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Let us know what topics you'd like us to explore in the comments. I'm Julie Beck, thanks for watching.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 37 جملة و732 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 3:23. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 217 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

14 كلمة أقل شيوعًا من الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:

  • friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ (اسم) — صَدَاقَة. The condition of being friends.
  • researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (اسم) — بَاحِث, بَاحِثَة. One who researches.
  • strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ (فعل) — قَوَّى, عَزَّزَ. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.
  • topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (اسم) — مَوْضُوع, مَوَاضِيع. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
  • pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (اسم) — جَيْب. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
  • soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ (اسم) — كُرَةُ الْقَدَم. Association football.
  • explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/ (فعل) — اِسْتَكْشَفَ. To examine or investigate something systematically.
  • trophy /ˈtɹoʊfi/ (اسم) — غَنِيمَة. An object, usually in the form of a statuette, cup, or shield, awarded for success in a competition or to mark a special achievement.
  • flexible /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ (صفة) — مَرِن. Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.
  • divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ (فعل) — قَسَّمَ. To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
  • obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ (اسم) — وَاجِب, فَرِيضَة. The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie to someone.
  • shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/ (صفة) — ضَحِل. Having little depth; significantly less deep than wide.
  • deepen /ˈdiːpən/ (فعل) — تَعَمَّقَ. To make deep or deeper
  • lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/ (اسم) — عُمْر. The length of time for which an organism lives.

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

  • grow up (فعل) — كَبُرَ, ْنَشَأ. To mature and become an adult.
  • pick up (فعل) — قَطَفَ. To lift; to grasp and raise.

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 17 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, you'd, aren't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل friendship, researcher, strengthen.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنwe've seen · haven't spoken
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءsomeone who was · people who move

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →