跟讀練習: How the Internet Is Changing Friendship - 通過影片學習英語口語
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37 句
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We live in a time of constant communication.
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No matter where in the world our friends are, or how long it's been since we've seen them, as long as they stay on social media, we never have to lose touch.
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But is social media strengthening friendships or making them shallower?
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According to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, the highest number of people you can maintain a meaningful relationship with at one time ranges from 100 to 200, depending on how social you are.
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And many of us have a lot more social media connections than that.
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Friendship researcher William Rawlins divides friendships into three categories: active, dormant, and commemorative.
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A friendship is active if you're regularly in touch with that person, if you feel you can call on them for emotional support, and if you pretty much know what's going on with their lives.
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A dormant friend is someone you have history with, but whom you haven't spoken to in a while.
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But if you were in the same town as them, you'd definitely hit them up, and it wouldn't be weird.
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And then, a commemorative friend is someone who was important to you at an earlier time in your life, but you don't really expect to see or hear from them, maybe ever again.
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You remember them fondly, but they remain firmly in the past.
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Or they would have, before social media.
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Facebook is like a trophy case for these commemorative friendships.
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You can see what your childhood camp friend thinks about politics, you can get a "Happy Birthday" message from an old Little League teammate.
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As you grow older, more and more of your active friendships will become dormant or commemorative.
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That's because friendships naturally fade as people grow up.
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According to the American Time Use Survey, young people aged 15 to 19 spend the most time socializing per day while older adults have less time to spend with their friends.
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One study found that the more people moved, the more willing they were to get rid of objects, but the more willing they were to get rid of their objects they also reported being more willing to cut social ties too.
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Which suggests that people who move a lot may see their friendships as more disposable.
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But a friendship isn't the same as that crumpled soccer team sweatshirt you finally threw out after your 3rd move.
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Technology offers us a way to extend the lifespan of these friendships, even long-distance ones, with minimal effort.
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But some of those friendships aren't really living. It's more like they're on life support.
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According to friendship researcher Emily Langan, any contact at all is the bare minimum of what it takes to keep a friendship alive.
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So if you write on someone's Facebook wall, or comment on their Instagram, you’re doing a form of friendship maintenance.
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Social media allows you to maintain more friendships, but more shallowly.
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But if you just focus on your closest friends, it's also a tool that can help you deepen your relationships.
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The more platforms friends use to communicate, in addition to seeing each other in person, the stronger their relationship.
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Researchers call this media multiplexity theory.
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So social media can both strengthen the friendships you care about, and keeps some relationships alive past their natural expiration date.
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Friendships are a uniquely flexible kind of relationship because unlike with our family members or romantic partners, there are no clear expectations or obligations This makes it easy to drop when things get busy, but it also means that a period of dormancy doesn't mean the friendship is over.
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In a series of interviews Rawlins did with middle-aged Americans, he found that many still considered themselves to be friends with people they hadn't been in touch with in a long time.
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But they felt like they could pick right back up where they left off.
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So maybe that's the biggest gift the Internet gives us.
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A place to find our friends, when we're ready to pick up where we left off.
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The effort has to come from you, and liking a status won't be enough, but when you're ready, your friends are there, in your pocket, waiting for you to reconnect.
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This is "You Are Here", a new series about the science behind everyday life.
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Let us know what topics you'd like us to explore in the comments. I'm Julie Beck, thanks for watching.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 37 個句子、732 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:23。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 217 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：
- friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ (名詞) — 友誼 /友誼, 友情. The condition of being friends.
- researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (名詞) — 研究員 /研究員, 研究者. One who researches.
- strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ (動詞) — 加強 /加強. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (名詞) — 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (名詞) — 口袋, 荷包. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
- soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ (名詞) — 足球, 蹴球. Association football.
- everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ (形容詞) — 日常的. Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.
- romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ (形容詞) — 浪漫. Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person).
- explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/ (動詞) — 探索, 探險 /探險. To examine or investigate something systematically.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (動詞) — 信任, 信賴 /信賴. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- trophy /ˈtɹoʊfi/ (名詞) — 戰利品 /戰利品. An object, usually in the form of a statuette, cup, or shield, awarded for success in a competition or to mark a special achievement.
- meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/ (形容詞) — 有意義 /有意義. Having meaning, significant.
- flexible /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ (形容詞) — 靈活 /靈活. Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.
- divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ (動詞) — 分, 分裂. To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
- obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ (名詞) — 義務 /義務, 責任 /責任. The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie to someone.
影片中出現的短語動詞
- come from (動詞) — 來自 /來自. To have as one's origin, birthplace or nationality.
- grow up (動詞) — 長大 /長大. To mature and become an adult.
- pick up (動詞) — 拾取, 撿 /撿. To lift; to grasp and raise.
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 17 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, you'd, aren't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 friendship, researcher, strengthen 這類單詞。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | it's been · haven't spoken |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | someone who was · people who move |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。