Pratica di Shadowing: How the Internet Is Changing Friendship - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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We live in a time of constant communication.
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No matter where in the world our friends are, or how long it's been since we've seen them, as long as they stay on social media, we never have to lose touch.
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But is social media strengthening friendships or making them shallower?
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According to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, the highest number of people you can maintain a meaningful relationship with at one time ranges from 100 to 200, depending on how social you are.
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And many of us have a lot more social media connections than that.
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Friendship researcher William Rawlins divides friendships into three categories: active, dormant, and commemorative.
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A friendship is active if you're regularly in touch with that person, if you feel you can call on them for emotional support, and if you pretty much know what's going on with their lives.
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A dormant friend is someone you have history with, but whom you haven't spoken to in a while.
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But if you were in the same town as them, you'd definitely hit them up, and it wouldn't be weird.
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And then, a commemorative friend is someone who was important to you at an earlier time in your life, but you don't really expect to see or hear from them, maybe ever again.
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You remember them fondly, but they remain firmly in the past.
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Or they would have, before social media.
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Facebook is like a trophy case for these commemorative friendships.
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You can see what your childhood camp friend thinks about politics, you can get a "Happy Birthday" message from an old Little League teammate.
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As you grow older, more and more of your active friendships will become dormant or commemorative.
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That's because friendships naturally fade as people grow up.
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According to the American Time Use Survey, young people aged 15 to 19 spend the most time socializing per day while older adults have less time to spend with their friends.
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One study found that the more people moved, the more willing they were to get rid of objects, but the more willing they were to get rid of their objects they also reported being more willing to cut social ties too.
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Which suggests that people who move a lot may see their friendships as more disposable.
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But a friendship isn't the same as that crumpled soccer team sweatshirt you finally threw out after your 3rd move.
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Technology offers us a way to extend the lifespan of these friendships, even long-distance ones, with minimal effort.
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But some of those friendships aren't really living. It's more like they're on life support.
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According to friendship researcher Emily Langan, any contact at all is the bare minimum of what it takes to keep a friendship alive.
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So if you write on someone's Facebook wall, or comment on their Instagram, you’re doing a form of friendship maintenance.
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Social media allows you to maintain more friendships, but more shallowly.
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But if you just focus on your closest friends, it's also a tool that can help you deepen your relationships.
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The more platforms friends use to communicate, in addition to seeing each other in person, the stronger their relationship.
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Researchers call this media multiplexity theory.
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So social media can both strengthen the friendships you care about, and keeps some relationships alive past their natural expiration date.
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Friendships are a uniquely flexible kind of relationship because unlike with our family members or romantic partners, there are no clear expectations or obligations This makes it easy to drop when things get busy, but it also means that a period of dormancy doesn't mean the friendship is over.
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In a series of interviews Rawlins did with middle-aged Americans, he found that many still considered themselves to be friends with people they hadn't been in touch with in a long time.
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But they felt like they could pick right back up where they left off.
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So maybe that's the biggest gift the Internet gives us.
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A place to find our friends, when we're ready to pick up where we left off.
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The effort has to come from you, and liking a status won't be enough, but when you're ready, your friends are there, in your pocket, waiting for you to reconnect.
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This is "You Are Here", a new series about the science behind everyday life.
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Let us know what topics you'd like us to explore in the comments. I'm Julie Beck, thanks for watching.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 37 frasi e 732 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:23. Chi parla va veloce, circa 217 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 84% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole meno comuni del video, con pronuncia e significato:
- friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ (sostantivo) — amicizia. The condition of being friends.
- researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (sostantivo) — ricercatore, ricercatrice. One who researches.
- strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ (verbo) — rinforzare, rafforzare. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (sostantivo) — tema, categoria. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ (avverbio) — naturalmente. In a natural manner.
- pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (sostantivo) — tasca. A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
- soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ (sostantivo) — calcio. Association football.
- everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ (aggettivo) — quotidiano, giornaliero. Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.
- romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ (aggettivo) — romantico. Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person).
- explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/ (verbo) — esplorare, investigare. To examine or investigate something systematically.
- communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ (verbo) — comunicare, informare. To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (verbo) — dipendere. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- trophy /ˈtɹoʊfi/ (sostantivo) — trofeo. An object, usually in the form of a statuette, cup, or shield, awarded for success in a competition or to mark a special achievement.
- meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/ (aggettivo) — significativo, sensato. Having meaning, significant.
- flexible /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ (aggettivo) — flessibile, pieghevole. Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.
I phrasal verb che sentirai
- grow up (verbo) — crescere. To mature and become an adult.
- pick up (verbo) — tirare su, sollevare. To lift; to grasp and raise.
- throw out /ˈθɹəʊ ˌaʊt/ (verbo) — buttare via, rigettare. To discard; to dispense with something; to throw away.
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 17 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, you'd, aren't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, expiration /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come friendship, researcher, strengthen.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | we've seen · haven't spoken |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | someone who was · people who move |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.