تدريب Shadowing: Incoterms 2020 Explained [Complete Guide] - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
1
Hi, in this video, we'll take a look at Incoterms 2020, what they mean, their application, and the benefits of using them.
2
So, make sure to watch the full video if you are new exporters.
3
We've got a lot to cover in today's video, so let's get started.
4
So, what are Incoterms, and who made them?
5
Incoterms are referred to as International Commercial Terms.
6
Incoterms defines the risk and responsibility of a shipment between the buyer and the seller.
7
Incoterms were developed by the International Chambers of Commerce.
8
So why do we use Incoterms?
9
Incoterms holds a universal meaning around the world.
10
People use Incoterms to avoid misunderstandings in foreign trade contracts by clarifying the tasks, costs and risks.
11
How to use Incoterms?
12
If parties want Incoterm 2020 rules to apply to their contract, the safest way is to clearly mention it in the contract.
13
For example, CIF, Hong Kong Incoterms 2020.
14
ICC grouped the Incoterms 2020 into two categories.
15
Number 1, rules for any modes of transport.
16
And number 2, rules for sea and inland waterways transport.
17
In the first group, we have 7 Incoterms.
18
We have created an easy to understand chart that displays Incoterms 2020.
19
The left side of the chart displays the different types of Incoterms beginning from top to bottom.
20
The top side of the chart displays the different obligations
21
and charges and displays which are covered by the seller and which are covered by the buyer.
22
The blue points to the sellers and the yellow points to the buyer.
23
So, let's start at the first Incoterm, EXW, which means X -Works or X -Warehouse.
24
In X -Works, the seller is only responsible for ensuring
25
that the cargo is packaged so it is ready for export and the goods can be collected from their location.
26
The risk or liability for the goods transfers to the buyer when the goods are made available at the agreed -upon place.
27
The buyer bears all risks and costs once they collect the goods from the seller's location.
28
By applying this rule, the buyer and the seller do not have to make an insurance contract.
29
Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FCA, which means free carrier.
30
In FCA, the seller is responsible for the export clearance
31
and the delivery of goods to the carrier at the named
32
place of delivery the incoterms 2020 fca has two possible delivery locations number one
33
if the place of delivery is at the seller's premises the seller must load the goods number two
34
if the delivery takes place in a different location the seller is not responsible for unloading
35
when the goods have been delivered by the seller to the
36
selected location the risk transfers to the buyer the buyer is responsible for paying the price of goods and all
37
that transportation fees from the seller's place to the buyer's selected
38
place in fca it becomes the buyer's responsibility to determine if they would like to obtain an insurance policy
39
moving right along to incoterm number three cpt cpt also known
40
as carriage paid two in a cpt incoterm the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export
41
and delivering the goods to the name place of destination with
42
the transportation fees the risk is transferred from the seller to
43
the buyer as soon as the goods are delivered to the first carrier even if there are multiple transportations.
44
The buyer is only responsible for import requirements and local delivery and unloading charges.
45
The seller is not responsible for any damages
46
if the buyer has not insured the products because the goods have already been transferred to the first carrier.
47
Without further ado, let's start things off with Incoterm number 4, CIP.
48
The CIP stands for carriage and insurance paid to.
49
In CIP, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the destination, the cost of international freight, as well as insurance fees and charges.
50
CIP is also very similar to CPT.
51
Except that with CIP, the seller is also responsible for arranging main carriage insurance
52
and let's dive right into Incoterm number five DAP.
53
The DAP means delivered at place.
54
Under the DAP, the seller is responsible for all costs
55
and risks associated with the delivery of the goods to the final destination, usually the buyer's premises.
56
The risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are available for unloading.
57
The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
58
In DAP, both parties are not obligated to make a contract of insurance, but it is recommended.
59
With that, it's time for our sixth Incoterm, DPU.
60
DPU stands for Delivered at Place Unloaded.
61
In DPU, the seller is responsible for all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to named destination place,
62
which is usually close to the buyer.
63
DPU is the only Incoterm's rule that requires the seller to unload goods at the place of destination.
64
The risk transfers from seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
65
The buyer is responsible for import clearance procedures, and both parties are not obligated to obtain an insurance policy, but it is recommended.
66
Moving right along to Incoterm number 7, DDP, which means delivery duty paid.
67
As per the shipping terms under DDP, the seller bears all costs and risks involved in delivering the goods to the selected place.
68
It is also the only term where the seller is liable for import custom fees.
69
The risk transfers from the seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
70
The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
71
There is no obligation to insure the goods.
72
The seller is not obligated to insure the goods for pre -carriage or main carriage.
73
With that, we have completed our first category of Incoterms, and now, it's time for Category 2, Rules for Sea and Inland Waterways Transport.
74
Our first Incoterm is FAS.
75
FAS stands for Free Alongside Ship.
76
In FAS, the seller is liable and responsible for all the procedures in their country, up until the goods are alongside the ship or the terminal warehouse.
77
FAS indicates that the risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are placed alongside the ship.
78
The buyer is responsible for loading the freight onto the vessel as well as handling selling local carriage, discharge, import formalities and duties,
79
and onward carriage to the final destination.
80
Insurance is not a stipulated requirement under FAS, however, it is a common practice for both buyer
81
and seller to get insurance coverage of the cargo's journey they are each responsible for.
82
Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FOB.
83
FOB is also known as free on board.
84
In FOB, the seller clears the goods for export and ensures
85
that they are delivered to and loaded onto the vessel for transport at the named port of departure.
86
The risk transfers from the seller to the buyer
87
when the goods are onboard the vessel and the buyer bears costs from that point forward.
88
The buyer arranges all the other stages to the cargo's ultimate destination.
89
Insurance coverage isn't mandatory under the FOB Incoterm.
90
However, it is common practice to obtain insurance.
91
This may be done by the buyer, seller, or both to cover the entire ocean freight journey or their respective responsibilities.
92
With that, it's time for our third incoterm, CFR.
93
CFR stands for Cost and Freight.
94
The CFR incoterm is an incoterm that is exclusive to ocean freight shipping.
95
In CFR, the seller is not only responsible for delivering the goods to the port specified by the buyer
96
but also bears the transportation costs of the goods to the destination port.
97
The risk passes from seller to buyer when the seller delivers the goods on board the ship.
98
The buyer is responsible for paying all the additional transport fees from the port of destination including import clearance and duties.
99
The seller is not responsible for procuring marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the cargo during transit it.
100
And now it's time for our last incoterm, CIF, that stands for Cost,
101
Insurance and Freight Agreement, with the seller holding responsible for all three.
102
In CIF terms, the seller clears the goods at origin, places the cargo on board, and pays for insurance until the port of discharge at the minimum coverage.
103
The risk is transferred to the buyer at the time the goods are on board.
104
board the vessel for the main carriage.
105
However, they don't take on any costs until the freight arrives at the named port of destination.
106
In CIF, the seller is obligated to take out the minimum level of insurance coverage for the buyer's risk.
107
We have completed all incoterms, now you can decide which one is the best for you.
108
I get a lot of questions from the new exporters, like, for example, which incoterm is the best for new exporters?
109
Well, there is no best incoterm, it all depends on the requirements of the buyer and the seller.
110
In my opinion, these are some of the best incoterms for new exporters, FOB, CFR, and FCA.
111
If you learned something new from today's video, make sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel right now.
112
Just click on the button below this video.
113
And if you want exclusive import -export training that I only share with subscribers,
114
Head over to USAXMClub .com that is USAXMClub .com and sign up for our newsletter.
115
It's free.
116
Now, I want to turn it over to you.
117
Which and co -term from this video are you going to use?
118
Let me know by leaving a comment below right now.
119
Thanks and good day.
✨ فيديو موصى به
B21
95 جمل
How to Start Import Export Business Step by Step in 2026
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C11
99 جمل
FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 Explained #construction #civilengineering #quantitysurveyor
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B21
43 جمل
Introducing: Company Knowledge
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B25
14 جمل
Amazon FBA Check-In Explained (And Where Time Gets Lost)
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B11
56 جمل
Business English ESL Vocabulary - English Economics Terms
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C12
99 جمل
Flow of Master B/L of Ocean Freight Forwarding by Container. Explained S/I and B/L Instruction.
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C143
12 جمل
Key Activities within Supply Chain
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
![Intro To TTrades Fractal Model [Indicator & Settings]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/CqMIh-Vvhbg/mqdefault.jpg)
C11
245 جمل
Intro To TTrades Fractal Model [Indicator & Settings]
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
27 جمل
China diversifies trade routes | Vietnam Today
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
65 جمل
English Job Interview Tips and Tricks 3 | English Job Interview Preparation
Business EnglishInterview EnglishWorking Adults
B21
73 جمل
How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
34 جمل
International Business Explained: Why Go International?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Incoterms 2020 Explained”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: incoterm, seller, buyer, responsible, risk. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 119 جملة و1598 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 11:06. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 144 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 77% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| cellar اسم | /ˈsɛləɹ/ | قَبْو, سِرْدَاب |
| buyer اسم | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | مُشْتَرِي, مُشْتَرٍ |
| destination اسم | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | وِجْهَة, وُجْهَة |
| carriage اسم | /ˈkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ | عَرَبَة |
| import اسم | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | وَارِدَات |
| export اسم | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | صَادِرَات |
| vessel اسم | /ˈvɛsəl/ | فُلْك |
| chart اسم | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | مُخَطَّط بَيَانِيّ, مُخَطَط |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | تَزَامُنًا |
| select فعل | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | اِخْتَارَ |
| obtain فعل | /əbˈteɪn/ | حَصَلَ |
| requirement اسم | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | مَطْلَب, طَلَب |
| cargo اسم | /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ | حُمُولَة, شِحْنَة |
| procedure اسم | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | اِجْرَاء |
| collect فعل | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | جَمَعَ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| take out فعل | أَخْرَجَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are referred · were developed · are covered |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have created · have been delivered · has not insured |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | displays which are · EXW, which means · FCA, which means |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 4 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل don't, isn't, we'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, insure /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, mandatory /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔɹ.i/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: import /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/, export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/, premise /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/, package /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, respective /ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/, dive /daɪv/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: freight /fɹeɪt/, import /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/, export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, chart /t͡ʃɑɹt/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل cellar, buyer, destination.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.