シャドーイング練習: Incoterms 2020 Explained [Complete Guide] - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
練習モードを選ぶ
各モードは全画面の練習ルームで開きます。
119 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Hi, in this video, we'll take a look at Incoterms 2020, what they mean, their application, and the benefits of using them.
2
So, make sure to watch the full video if you are new exporters.
3
We've got a lot to cover in today's video, so let's get started.
4
So, what are Incoterms, and who made them?
5
Incoterms are referred to as International Commercial Terms.
6
Incoterms defines the risk and responsibility of a shipment between the buyer and the seller.
7
Incoterms were developed by the International Chambers of Commerce.
8
So why do we use Incoterms?
9
Incoterms holds a universal meaning around the world.
10
People use Incoterms to avoid misunderstandings in foreign trade contracts by clarifying the tasks, costs and risks.
11
How to use Incoterms?
12
If parties want Incoterm 2020 rules to apply to their contract, the safest way is to clearly mention it in the contract.
13
For example, CIF, Hong Kong Incoterms 2020.
14
ICC grouped the Incoterms 2020 into two categories.
15
Number 1, rules for any modes of transport.
16
And number 2, rules for sea and inland waterways transport.
17
In the first group, we have 7 Incoterms.
18
We have created an easy to understand chart that displays Incoterms 2020.
19
The left side of the chart displays the different types of Incoterms beginning from top to bottom.
20
The top side of the chart displays the different obligations
21
and charges and displays which are covered by the seller and which are covered by the buyer.
22
The blue points to the sellers and the yellow points to the buyer.
23
So, let's start at the first Incoterm, EXW, which means X -Works or X -Warehouse.
24
In X -Works, the seller is only responsible for ensuring
25
that the cargo is packaged so it is ready for export and the goods can be collected from their location.
26
The risk or liability for the goods transfers to the buyer when the goods are made available at the agreed -upon place.
27
The buyer bears all risks and costs once they collect the goods from the seller's location.
28
By applying this rule, the buyer and the seller do not have to make an insurance contract.
29
Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FCA, which means free carrier.
30
In FCA, the seller is responsible for the export clearance
31
and the delivery of goods to the carrier at the named
32
place of delivery the incoterms 2020 fca has two possible delivery locations number one
33
if the place of delivery is at the seller's premises the seller must load the goods number two
34
if the delivery takes place in a different location the seller is not responsible for unloading
35
when the goods have been delivered by the seller to the
36
selected location the risk transfers to the buyer the buyer is responsible for paying the price of goods and all
37
that transportation fees from the seller's place to the buyer's selected
38
place in fca it becomes the buyer's responsibility to determine if they would like to obtain an insurance policy
39
moving right along to incoterm number three cpt cpt also known
40
as carriage paid two in a cpt incoterm the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export
41
and delivering the goods to the name place of destination with
42
the transportation fees the risk is transferred from the seller to
43
the buyer as soon as the goods are delivered to the first carrier even if there are multiple transportations.
44
The buyer is only responsible for import requirements and local delivery and unloading charges.
45
The seller is not responsible for any damages
46
if the buyer has not insured the products because the goods have already been transferred to the first carrier.
47
Without further ado, let's start things off with Incoterm number 4, CIP.
48
The CIP stands for carriage and insurance paid to.
49
In CIP, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the destination, the cost of international freight, as well as insurance fees and charges.
50
CIP is also very similar to CPT.
51
Except that with CIP, the seller is also responsible for arranging main carriage insurance
52
and let's dive right into Incoterm number five DAP.
53
The DAP means delivered at place.
54
Under the DAP, the seller is responsible for all costs
55
and risks associated with the delivery of the goods to the final destination, usually the buyer's premises.
56
The risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are available for unloading.
57
The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
58
In DAP, both parties are not obligated to make a contract of insurance, but it is recommended.
59
With that, it's time for our sixth Incoterm, DPU.
60
DPU stands for Delivered at Place Unloaded.
61
In DPU, the seller is responsible for all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to named destination place,
62
which is usually close to the buyer.
63
DPU is the only Incoterm's rule that requires the seller to unload goods at the place of destination.
64
The risk transfers from seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
65
The buyer is responsible for import clearance procedures, and both parties are not obligated to obtain an insurance policy, but it is recommended.
66
Moving right along to Incoterm number 7, DDP, which means delivery duty paid.
67
As per the shipping terms under DDP, the seller bears all costs and risks involved in delivering the goods to the selected place.
68
It is also the only term where the seller is liable for import custom fees.
69
The risk transfers from the seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
70
The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
71
There is no obligation to insure the goods.
72
The seller is not obligated to insure the goods for pre -carriage or main carriage.
73
With that, we have completed our first category of Incoterms, and now, it's time for Category 2, Rules for Sea and Inland Waterways Transport.
74
Our first Incoterm is FAS.
75
FAS stands for Free Alongside Ship.
76
In FAS, the seller is liable and responsible for all the procedures in their country, up until the goods are alongside the ship or the terminal warehouse.
77
FAS indicates that the risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are placed alongside the ship.
78
The buyer is responsible for loading the freight onto the vessel as well as handling selling local carriage, discharge, import formalities and duties,
79
and onward carriage to the final destination.
80
Insurance is not a stipulated requirement under FAS, however, it is a common practice for both buyer
81
and seller to get insurance coverage of the cargo's journey they are each responsible for.
82
Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FOB.
83
FOB is also known as free on board.
84
In FOB, the seller clears the goods for export and ensures
85
that they are delivered to and loaded onto the vessel for transport at the named port of departure.
86
The risk transfers from the seller to the buyer
87
when the goods are onboard the vessel and the buyer bears costs from that point forward.
88
The buyer arranges all the other stages to the cargo's ultimate destination.
89
Insurance coverage isn't mandatory under the FOB Incoterm.
90
However, it is common practice to obtain insurance.
91
This may be done by the buyer, seller, or both to cover the entire ocean freight journey or their respective responsibilities.
92
With that, it's time for our third incoterm, CFR.
93
CFR stands for Cost and Freight.
94
The CFR incoterm is an incoterm that is exclusive to ocean freight shipping.
95
In CFR, the seller is not only responsible for delivering the goods to the port specified by the buyer
96
but also bears the transportation costs of the goods to the destination port.
97
The risk passes from seller to buyer when the seller delivers the goods on board the ship.
98
The buyer is responsible for paying all the additional transport fees from the port of destination including import clearance and duties.
99
The seller is not responsible for procuring marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the cargo during transit it.
100
And now it's time for our last incoterm, CIF, that stands for Cost,
101
Insurance and Freight Agreement, with the seller holding responsible for all three.
102
In CIF terms, the seller clears the goods at origin, places the cargo on board, and pays for insurance until the port of discharge at the minimum coverage.
103
The risk is transferred to the buyer at the time the goods are on board.
104
board the vessel for the main carriage.
105
However, they don't take on any costs until the freight arrives at the named port of destination.
106
In CIF, the seller is obligated to take out the minimum level of insurance coverage for the buyer's risk.
107
We have completed all incoterms, now you can decide which one is the best for you.
108
I get a lot of questions from the new exporters, like, for example, which incoterm is the best for new exporters?
109
Well, there is no best incoterm, it all depends on the requirements of the buyer and the seller.
110
In my opinion, these are some of the best incoterms for new exporters, FOB, CFR, and FCA.
111
If you learned something new from today's video, make sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel right now.
112
Just click on the button below this video.
113
And if you want exclusive import -export training that I only share with subscribers,
114
Head over to USAXMClub .com that is USAXMClub .com and sign up for our newsletter.
115
It's free.
116
Now, I want to turn it over to you.
117
Which and co -term from this video are you going to use?
118
Let me know by leaving a comment below right now.
119
Thanks and good day.
アプリをダウンロード
流暢に話すために必要なすべて
AI発音採点文ごとに採点
IPA練習すべての音をマスター
単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
単語ゲーム遊びながら覚える
FOR YOU
おすすめ動画
B21
95 文
How to Start Import Export Business Step by Step in 2026
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C11
99 文
FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 Explained #construction #civilengineering #quantitysurveyor
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B21012 文
Project Management English — Key Terms and 7 Real Meetings | Business English Podcast
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B25
14 文
Amazon FBA Check-In Explained (And Where Time Gets Lost)
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C12
99 文
Flow of Master B/L of Ocean Freight Forwarding by Container. Explained S/I and B/L Instruction.
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
45 文
What is Contact Center?
TOEIC PrepBusiness EnglishWorking Adults
![Intro To TTrades Fractal Model [Indicator & Settings]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/CqMIh-Vvhbg/mqdefault.jpg)
C11
245 文
Intro To TTrades Fractal Model [Indicator & Settings]
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
27 文
China diversifies trade routes | Vietnam Today
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
73 文
How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
13 文
IOC & Dependency Injection in Spring Boot - Quick Breakdown !! #shorts
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
34 文
International Business Explained: Why Go International?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
43 文
Introducing: Company Knowledge
Business EnglishWorking Adults
このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Incoterms 2020 Explained」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：incoterm, seller, buyer, responsible, risk。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が119文、単語が1598語あります。 音声の長さは11:06です。 話す速さは1分あたり約144語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| cellar 名詞 | /ˈsɛləɹ/ | 地下室, 穴蔵 |
| buyer 名詞 | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | 買い手, 購買者 |
| destination 名詞 | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | 目的地 |
| carriage 名詞 | /ˈkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ | キャリッジ, 馬車 |
| freight 名詞 | /fɹeɪt/ | 貨物輸送 |
| import 名詞 | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | 輸入品 |
| export 名詞 | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | 輸出品 |
| vessel 名詞 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船舶 |
| chart 名詞 | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | チャート, 図表 |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | に沿って |
| select 動詞 | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | 選ぶ |
| obtain 動詞 | /əbˈteɪn/ | 手に入れる, 取得する |
| requirement 名詞 | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | 要求 |
| cargo 名詞 | /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ | 積荷, 貨物 |
| procedure 名詞 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 手段, やり方 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| take out 動詞 | 取り出す |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are referred · were developed · are covered |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have created · have been delivered · has not insured |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | displays which are · EXW, which means · FCA, which means |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, isn't, we'llなど、短縮形や弱形を4回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, insure /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, mandatory /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔɹ.i/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: cellar /ˈsɛləɹ/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, formality /fɔːrˈmælɪti/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, respective /ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/, dive /daɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: freight /fɹeɪt/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。cellar, buyer, destinationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。