쉐도잉 연습: Incoterms 2020 Explained [Complete Guide] - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Hi, in this video, we'll take a look at Incoterms 2020, what they mean, their application, and the benefits of using them.
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So, make sure to watch the full video if you are new exporters.
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We've got a lot to cover in today's video, so let's get started.
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So, what are Incoterms, and who made them?
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Incoterms are referred to as International Commercial Terms.
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Incoterms defines the risk and responsibility of a shipment between the buyer and the seller.
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Incoterms were developed by the International Chambers of Commerce.
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So why do we use Incoterms?
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Incoterms holds a universal meaning around the world.
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People use Incoterms to avoid misunderstandings in foreign trade contracts by clarifying the tasks, costs and risks.
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How to use Incoterms?
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If parties want Incoterm 2020 rules to apply to their contract, the safest way is to clearly mention it in the contract.
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For example, CIF, Hong Kong Incoterms 2020.
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ICC grouped the Incoterms 2020 into two categories.
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Number 1, rules for any modes of transport.
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And number 2, rules for sea and inland waterways transport.
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In the first group, we have 7 Incoterms.
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We have created an easy to understand chart that displays Incoterms 2020.
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The left side of the chart displays the different types of Incoterms beginning from top to bottom.
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The top side of the chart displays the different obligations
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and charges and displays which are covered by the seller and which are covered by the buyer.
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The blue points to the sellers and the yellow points to the buyer.
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So, let's start at the first Incoterm, EXW, which means X -Works or X -Warehouse.
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In X -Works, the seller is only responsible for ensuring
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that the cargo is packaged so it is ready for export and the goods can be collected from their location.
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The risk or liability for the goods transfers to the buyer when the goods are made available at the agreed -upon place.
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The buyer bears all risks and costs once they collect the goods from the seller's location.
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By applying this rule, the buyer and the seller do not have to make an insurance contract.
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Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FCA, which means free carrier.
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In FCA, the seller is responsible for the export clearance
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and the delivery of goods to the carrier at the named
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place of delivery the incoterms 2020 fca has two possible delivery locations number one
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if the place of delivery is at the seller's premises the seller must load the goods number two
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if the delivery takes place in a different location the seller is not responsible for unloading
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when the goods have been delivered by the seller to the
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selected location the risk transfers to the buyer the buyer is responsible for paying the price of goods and all
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that transportation fees from the seller's place to the buyer's selected
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place in fca it becomes the buyer's responsibility to determine if they would like to obtain an insurance policy
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moving right along to incoterm number three cpt cpt also known
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as carriage paid two in a cpt incoterm the seller is responsible for clearing the goods for export
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and delivering the goods to the name place of destination with
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the transportation fees the risk is transferred from the seller to
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the buyer as soon as the goods are delivered to the first carrier even if there are multiple transportations.
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The buyer is only responsible for import requirements and local delivery and unloading charges.
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The seller is not responsible for any damages
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if the buyer has not insured the products because the goods have already been transferred to the first carrier.
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Without further ado, let's start things off with Incoterm number 4, CIP.
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The CIP stands for carriage and insurance paid to.
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In CIP, the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the destination, the cost of international freight, as well as insurance fees and charges.
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CIP is also very similar to CPT.
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Except that with CIP, the seller is also responsible for arranging main carriage insurance
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and let's dive right into Incoterm number five DAP.
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The DAP means delivered at place.
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Under the DAP, the seller is responsible for all costs
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and risks associated with the delivery of the goods to the final destination, usually the buyer's premises.
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The risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are available for unloading.
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The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
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In DAP, both parties are not obligated to make a contract of insurance, but it is recommended.
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With that, it's time for our sixth Incoterm, DPU.
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DPU stands for Delivered at Place Unloaded.
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In DPU, the seller is responsible for all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to named destination place,
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which is usually close to the buyer.
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DPU is the only Incoterm's rule that requires the seller to unload goods at the place of destination.
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The risk transfers from seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
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The buyer is responsible for import clearance procedures, and both parties are not obligated to obtain an insurance policy, but it is recommended.
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Moving right along to Incoterm number 7, DDP, which means delivery duty paid.
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As per the shipping terms under DDP, the seller bears all costs and risks involved in delivering the goods to the selected place.
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It is also the only term where the seller is liable for import custom fees.
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The risk transfers from the seller to buyer at the place of unloading.
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The buyer is then responsible for unloading the goods at the end destination.
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There is no obligation to insure the goods.
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The seller is not obligated to insure the goods for pre -carriage or main carriage.
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With that, we have completed our first category of Incoterms, and now, it's time for Category 2, Rules for Sea and Inland Waterways Transport.
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Our first Incoterm is FAS.
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FAS stands for Free Alongside Ship.
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In FAS, the seller is liable and responsible for all the procedures in their country, up until the goods are alongside the ship or the terminal warehouse.
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FAS indicates that the risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are placed alongside the ship.
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The buyer is responsible for loading the freight onto the vessel as well as handling selling local carriage, discharge, import formalities and duties,
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and onward carriage to the final destination.
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Insurance is not a stipulated requirement under FAS, however, it is a common practice for both buyer
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and seller to get insurance coverage of the cargo's journey they are each responsible for.
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Now it's time for Incoterm number 2, FOB.
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FOB is also known as free on board.
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In FOB, the seller clears the goods for export and ensures
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that they are delivered to and loaded onto the vessel for transport at the named port of departure.
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The risk transfers from the seller to the buyer
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when the goods are onboard the vessel and the buyer bears costs from that point forward.
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The buyer arranges all the other stages to the cargo's ultimate destination.
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Insurance coverage isn't mandatory under the FOB Incoterm.
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However, it is common practice to obtain insurance.
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This may be done by the buyer, seller, or both to cover the entire ocean freight journey or their respective responsibilities.
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With that, it's time for our third incoterm, CFR.
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CFR stands for Cost and Freight.
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The CFR incoterm is an incoterm that is exclusive to ocean freight shipping.
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In CFR, the seller is not only responsible for delivering the goods to the port specified by the buyer
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but also bears the transportation costs of the goods to the destination port.
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The risk passes from seller to buyer when the seller delivers the goods on board the ship.
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The buyer is responsible for paying all the additional transport fees from the port of destination including import clearance and duties.
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The seller is not responsible for procuring marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the cargo during transit it.
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And now it's time for our last incoterm, CIF, that stands for Cost,
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Insurance and Freight Agreement, with the seller holding responsible for all three.
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In CIF terms, the seller clears the goods at origin, places the cargo on board, and pays for insurance until the port of discharge at the minimum coverage.
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The risk is transferred to the buyer at the time the goods are on board.
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board the vessel for the main carriage.
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However, they don't take on any costs until the freight arrives at the named port of destination.
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In CIF, the seller is obligated to take out the minimum level of insurance coverage for the buyer's risk.
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We have completed all incoterms, now you can decide which one is the best for you.
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I get a lot of questions from the new exporters, like, for example, which incoterm is the best for new exporters?
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Well, there is no best incoterm, it all depends on the requirements of the buyer and the seller.
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In my opinion, these are some of the best incoterms for new exporters, FOB, CFR, and FCA.
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If you learned something new from today's video, make sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel right now.
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Just click on the button below this video.
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And if you want exclusive import -export training that I only share with subscribers,
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Head over to USAXMClub .com that is USAXMClub .com and sign up for our newsletter.
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It's free.
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Now, I want to turn it over to you.
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Which and co -term from this video are you going to use?
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Let me know by leaving a comment below right now.
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Thanks and good day.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Incoterms 2020 Explained”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: incoterm, seller, buyer, responsible, risk. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 119개와 단어 1598개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 11:06입니다. 화자는 분당 약 144단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 77%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| cellar 명사 | /ˈsɛləɹ/ | 지하실 |
| buyer 명사 | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | 사는 사람, 구매자 |
| destination 명사 | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | 목적지 |
| carriage 명사 | /ˈkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 마차 |
| freight 명사 | /fɹeɪt/ | 화물 |
| import 명사 | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | 수입품 |
| export 명사 | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | 수출품 |
| vessel 명사 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 배, 선박 |
| chart 명사 | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | 차트, 도표 |
| select 동사 | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | 고르다 |
| obtain 동사 | /əbˈteɪn/ | 얻다, 획득하다 |
| requirement 명사 | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | 요구 |
| cargo 명사 | /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ | 짐, 화물 |
| procedure 명사 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 절차, 수단 |
| collect 동사 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 수집하다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are referred · were developed · are covered |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have created · have been delivered · has not insured |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | displays which are · EXW, which means · FCA, which means |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, isn't, we'll 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 4번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, insure /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, mandatory /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔɹ.i/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: freight /fɹeɪt/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, clarify /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/, specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, respective /ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/, dive /daɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: transit /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, cellar, buyer, destination 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.