Shadowing Practice: Natural Gas 101 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Natural gas.
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Natural gas is primarily methane, or CH4, with smaller quantities of other hydrocarbons.
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It was formed millions of years ago
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when dead organisms sunk to the bottom of the ocean and were buried under deposits of sedimentary rock.
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Subject to intense heat and pressure, these organisms underwent a transformation in which they were converted to gas over millions of years.
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Natural gas is found in underground rocks called reservoirs.
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The rocks have tiny spaces called pores that allow them to hold water, natural gas, and sometimes oil.
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The natural gas is trapped underground by impermeable rock called a cap rock and stays there until it is extracted.
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Natural gas can be categorized as dry or wet.
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Dry gas is essentially gas that contains mostly methane.
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Wet gas, on the other hand, contains compounds such as ethane and butane, in addition to methane.
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These natural gas liquids, or NGLs for short, can be separated and sold individually for various uses, such as in refrigerants and to produce products, like plastics.
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Conventional natural gas can be extracted through drilling wells.
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Unconventional forms of natural gas, like shale gas, tight gas, sour gas, and coal bed methane, have specific extraction techniques.
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Natural gas can also be found in reservoirs with oil and is sometimes extracted alongside oil.
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This type of natural gas is called associated gas.
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In the past, associated gas was commonly flared or burned as a waste product, but in most places today it is captured and used.
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Once extracted, natural gas is sent through small pipelines called gathering lines to processing plants, which separate the various hydrocarbons
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and fluids from the pure natural gas to produce what is
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known as pipeline quality dry natural gas before it can be transported.
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Processing involves four main steps to remove the various impurities.
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Oil and condensate removal, water removal, separation of natural gas liquids, sulfur and carbon dioxide removal.
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Gas is then transported through pipelines called feeders to distribution centers where it is stored in underground reservoirs for later use.
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In some cases, gas is liquefied for shipping in large tankers across oceans.
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This type of gas is called liquefied natural gas, or LNG.
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Natural gas is mostly used for domestic or industrial heating and to generate electricity.
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It can also be compressed and used to fuel vehicles and as a feedstock for fertilizers, hydrogen fuel cells, and other chemical processes.
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Natural gas development, especially in the United States, has increased as a result of technological advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing.
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When natural gas is burned, there are fewer greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants when compared to other fossil fuels.
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In fact, when used to produce electricity, natural gas emits approximately half the carbon emissions of coal.
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Despite fewer emissions, natural gas is still a source of CO2.
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In addition, methane is a potent greenhouse gas itself, having nearly 24 times the impact of CO2.
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During the extraction and transportation process, natural gas can escape into the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.
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Natural gas leaks are also dangerous to nearby communities because it is a colorless, odorless, highly toxic and highly explosive gas.
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That's natural gas.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 35 frases y 528 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:28. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 153 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 75 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras menos comunes del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
- methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/ (sustantivo) — metano. The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.
- extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/ (sustantivo) — extracto. Something that is extracted or drawn out.
- removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ (sustantivo) — remoción, eliminación. The process of removing or the fact of being removed.
- underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ (adjetivo) — subterráneo, soterraño. Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
- pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ (sustantivo) — oleoducto, tubería. A conduit made of pipes used to convey water, gas or petroleum, etc.
- reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ (sustantivo) — embalse, pantano. A place where anything is kept in store.
- emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ (sustantivo) — emisión. Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
- associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ (sustantivo) — asociado. A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner or employee.
- liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ (sustantivo) — líquido. A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those…
- fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ — menos. Less; a smaller amount of something non-integral commonly expressed as an integer
- drill /dɹɪl/ (sustantivo) — taladro, taladradora. A tool or machine used to remove material so as to create a hole, typically by plunging a rotating cutting bit into a stationary workpiece.
- extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/ (sustantivo) — extracción. The act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.
- greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ (sustantivo) — invernadero, invernáculo. A building used to grow plants, particularly one with large glass windows or plastic sheeting to trap heat from sunlight even in intemperate seasons or…
- organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ (sustantivo) — organismo. A discrete and complete living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism.
- primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/ (adverbio) — primariamente. Of a primary or central nature, first and foremost.
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, ethane /ˈɛθeɪn/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como methane, extract, removal.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — un hábito o estado pasado que ya no es cierto | used to fuel · used to produce |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was formed · were buried · were converted |
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.