Prática de Shadowing: Natural Gas 101 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Criando lição...
1
Natural gas.
2
Natural gas is primarily methane, or CH4, with smaller quantities of other hydrocarbons.
3
It was formed millions of years ago
4
when dead organisms sunk to the bottom of the ocean and were buried under deposits of sedimentary rock.
5
Subject to intense heat and pressure, these organisms underwent a transformation in which they were converted to gas over millions of years.
6
Natural gas is found in underground rocks called reservoirs.
7
The rocks have tiny spaces called pores that allow them to hold water, natural gas, and sometimes oil.
8
The natural gas is trapped underground by impermeable rock called a cap rock and stays there until it is extracted.
9
Natural gas can be categorized as dry or wet.
10
Dry gas is essentially gas that contains mostly methane.
11
Wet gas, on the other hand, contains compounds such as ethane and butane, in addition to methane.
12
These natural gas liquids, or NGLs for short, can be separated and sold individually for various uses, such as in refrigerants and to produce products, like plastics.
13
Conventional natural gas can be extracted through drilling wells.
14
Unconventional forms of natural gas, like shale gas, tight gas, sour gas, and coal bed methane, have specific extraction techniques.
15
Natural gas can also be found in reservoirs with oil and is sometimes extracted alongside oil.
16
This type of natural gas is called associated gas.
17
In the past, associated gas was commonly flared or burned as a waste product, but in most places today it is captured and used.
18
Once extracted, natural gas is sent through small pipelines called gathering lines to processing plants, which separate the various hydrocarbons
19
and fluids from the pure natural gas to produce what is
20
known as pipeline quality dry natural gas before it can be transported.
21
Processing involves four main steps to remove the various impurities.
22
Oil and condensate removal, water removal, separation of natural gas liquids, sulfur and carbon dioxide removal.
23
Gas is then transported through pipelines called feeders to distribution centers where it is stored in underground reservoirs for later use.
24
In some cases, gas is liquefied for shipping in large tankers across oceans.
25
This type of gas is called liquefied natural gas, or LNG.
26
Natural gas is mostly used for domestic or industrial heating and to generate electricity.
27
It can also be compressed and used to fuel vehicles and as a feedstock for fertilizers, hydrogen fuel cells, and other chemical processes.
28
Natural gas development, especially in the United States, has increased as a result of technological advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing.
29
When natural gas is burned, there are fewer greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants when compared to other fossil fuels.
30
In fact, when used to produce electricity, natural gas emits approximately half the carbon emissions of coal.
31
Despite fewer emissions, natural gas is still a source of CO2.
32
In addition, methane is a potent greenhouse gas itself, having nearly 24 times the impact of CO2.
33
During the extraction and transportation process, natural gas can escape into the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.
34
Natural gas leaks are also dangerous to nearby communities because it is a colorless, odorless, highly toxic and highly explosive gas.
35
That's natural gas.
📺 Mesmo canal
✨ Vídeo recomendado
C153 frases
Oil and Gas Industry: Explaining the Oil and Gas Production
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
339 frases
Introduction to HPLC - Lecture 1: HPLC Basics
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
19 frases
The Logistics of Natural Gas
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
40 frases
Upgrading of biogas to high-purity Bio-LNG with SEPURAN® Green membranes | Evonik
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
102 frases
Chemical Manufacturing 101 - Texas
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
30 frases
Energy Transition Roundtable: Searching For Better
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C1132 frases
Petroleum - 06 - Drilling Fluid Laboratory
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
132 frases
What is Ethereum Gas? (Examples + Easy Explanation)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
109 frases
How ELECTRICITY works - working principle
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
56 frases
MinuteCement - LC3
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
51 frases
What's Under Your Feet in New York City?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
333 frases
Basic Introduction To Oil & Gas Well Perforating
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 35 frases e 528 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:28. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 153 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 75% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
- methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/ (substantivo) — metano. The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.
- extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/ (substantivo) — extrato. Something that is extracted or drawn out.
- removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ (substantivo) — remoção, eliminação. The process of removing or the fact of being removed.
- underground /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ (adjetivo) — subterrâneo. Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
- pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ (substantivo) — ducto, duto. A conduit made of pipes used to convey water, gas or petroleum, etc.
- reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ (substantivo) — reservatório, barragem. A place where anything is kept in store.
- emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ (substantivo) — emissão. Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
- electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ (substantivo) — eletricidade. Originally, a property of amber and certain other nonconducting substances to attract lightweight material when rubbed, or the cause of this property; now…
- associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ (substantivo) — associado. A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner or employee.
- liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ (substantivo) — líquido. A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those…
- fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ — menos. Less; a smaller amount of something non-integral commonly expressed as an integer
- drill /dɹɪl/ (substantivo) — furadeira, berbequim. A tool or machine used to remove material so as to create a hole, typically by plunging a rotating cutting bit into a stationary workpiece.
- greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ (substantivo) — viveiro, estufa. A building used to grow plants, particularly one with large glass windows or plastic sheeting to trap heat from sunlight even in intemperate seasons or…
- organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ (substantivo) — organismo. A discrete and complete living thing, such as animal, plant, fungus or microorganism.
- technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (substantivo) — técnica. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “th”: methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, ethane /ˈɛθeɪn/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como methane, extract, removal.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — um hábito ou estado do passado que não é mais verdade | used to fuel · used to produce |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was formed · were buried · were converted |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.