Shadowing Practice: The INCOME STATEMENT for BEGINNERS - Learn English Speaking with Video
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hey there I'm James you're watching Accounting Stuff and in this mini-series i'll show you how to make financial statements with an example financial statements are accounting reports that summarize a business's activities
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over a period of time there are three main ones that you should know about they're called the income statement the balance sheet and the cash flow statement
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in this video i'll show you how to make an income statement we'll cover the other two next on this channel so if you'd like to watch those then consider subscribing the income statement is a financial report that summarizes a businesses revenues and expenses over a period of time
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it works like this if you take a business's revenue and subtract its expenses then you're left with a profit or a loss that's why it's sometimes called the profit and loss statement
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or the P&L but we'll call this one the basic income statement it's nice and simple but it doesn't give us much information we need to expand it out to see the full detailed income statement
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at the top we have operating revenue which is the income earned from doing business and then we take away any direct operating costs these are the cost of sales and that leaves us with
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a gross profit or a loss beneath that we subtract any indirect operating costs or overheads to reach an operating profit or loss and finally we take away the indirect non-operating costs
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things like interest expenses and tax which brings us down to the bottom line the business's net profit or loss
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if you'd like to learn more about these terms then you can check out my other income statement video and i also summarize it all on my income statement cheat sheet and I'll leave links to both of those down in the description
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how do you make a basic income statement the first thing you'll need is a trial balance a trial balance is an accounting report showing the closing balances
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in all general ledger accounts at a point in time here's one for a dating app called Tumble it's an adjusted trial balance which means that all of Tumble's adjusting entries have already been posted
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and it was run on December 31st which happens to be the end of Tumble's financial year this trial balance holds a complete list of Tumble's accounts and closing balances
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debit balances go in the left column and credit balances go in the right column but how does this help us make an income statement well we can start by drawing a line
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because accounts in a trial balance are usually arranged in order above this line we have Tumble's assets liabilities and equity these are all balance sheet accounts which we can ignore
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we're interested in this stuff below the line Tumble's revenue and expenses which are their income statement accounts
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the basic income statement is Tumble's revenue minus its expenses in this case they earned 60 million dollars in revenue and incurred 50,350,000 dollars in expenses
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that leaves them with 9,650,000 dollars in profit baby but how do we make the detailed income statement
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the method is pretty much the same if we go back to Tumble's adjusted trial balance then all we need to do is categorize their expenses like we did before cost of sales is a direct operating cost general, administrative, selling, marketing, depreciation and amortization
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are all indirect operating costs and finally interest and tax expenses are indirect non-operating costs but please please be careful with depreciation and amortization if the long-term assets that they relate to
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aren't used in operations then these would also be indirect non-operating costs in this video I'm assuming that they are used in operations right that's the hard bit out the way
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all we need to do now is lift these numbers out of the adjusted trial balance and put them in the corresponding sections of the income statement that leaves us with a revenue of 60 million dollars just like before
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less 17.5 million dollars in cost of sales which is a direct operating cost which gives us a gross profit of 42.5 million dollars then we deduct indirect operating costs
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to reach an operating profit of 10,450,000 dollars and below that we subtract the indirect non-operating costs
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interest and tax which leaves Tumble with a net profit of nine million six hundred and fifty thousand dollars on the bottom line
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shout out to all of my channel members for your support in the next videos I'll show you how to make a balance sheet and a cash flow statement in the same way I'll see you then
📺 Mismo canal
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “The INCOME STATEMENT for BEGINNERS”. Las palabras que más se repiten: statement, balance, income, operating, cost. Este vídeo tiene 25 frases y 784 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:04. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 155 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 14 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| indirect adjetivo | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | indirecto |
| adjust verbo | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | ajustar, arreglar |
| subtract verbo | /səbˈtɹækt/ | restar, sustraer |
| summarize verbo | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | resumir |
| amortization sustantivo | /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/ | amortización |
| categorize verbo | /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/ | categorizar |
| correspond verbo | /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/ | corresponder, equivaler |
| debit sustantivo | /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ | débito |
| overhead sustantivo | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | gastos generales |
| minus | /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ | menos |
| arrange verbo | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ | arreglar, acotejar |
| subscribe verbo | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | suscribirse, subscribirse |
| shout verbo | /ʃaʊt/ | gritar, desgañitarse |
| cheat verbo | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | enfullar, machetear |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| take away verbo | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | quitar |
| check out verbo | investigar, chequear |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | revenue which is · balance which means · expenses which are |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | been posted · was run · are usually arranged |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 18 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'll, I'm, we'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/, ledger /ˈlɛd͡ʒɚ/, arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como indirect, adjust, subtract.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.