Pratica di Shadowing: The INCOME STATEMENT for BEGINNERS - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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hey there I'm James you're watching Accounting Stuff and in this mini-series i'll show you how to make financial statements with an example financial statements are accounting reports that summarize a business's activities
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over a period of time there are three main ones that you should know about they're called the income statement the balance sheet and the cash flow statement
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in this video i'll show you how to make an income statement we'll cover the other two next on this channel so if you'd like to watch those then consider subscribing the income statement is a financial report that summarizes a businesses revenues and expenses over a period of time
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it works like this if you take a business's revenue and subtract its expenses then you're left with a profit or a loss that's why it's sometimes called the profit and loss statement
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or the P&L but we'll call this one the basic income statement it's nice and simple but it doesn't give us much information we need to expand it out to see the full detailed income statement
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at the top we have operating revenue which is the income earned from doing business and then we take away any direct operating costs these are the cost of sales and that leaves us with
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a gross profit or a loss beneath that we subtract any indirect operating costs or overheads to reach an operating profit or loss and finally we take away the indirect non-operating costs
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things like interest expenses and tax which brings us down to the bottom line the business's net profit or loss
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if you'd like to learn more about these terms then you can check out my other income statement video and i also summarize it all on my income statement cheat sheet and I'll leave links to both of those down in the description
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how do you make a basic income statement the first thing you'll need is a trial balance a trial balance is an accounting report showing the closing balances
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in all general ledger accounts at a point in time here's one for a dating app called Tumble it's an adjusted trial balance which means that all of Tumble's adjusting entries have already been posted
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and it was run on December 31st which happens to be the end of Tumble's financial year this trial balance holds a complete list of Tumble's accounts and closing balances
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debit balances go in the left column and credit balances go in the right column but how does this help us make an income statement well we can start by drawing a line
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because accounts in a trial balance are usually arranged in order above this line we have Tumble's assets liabilities and equity these are all balance sheet accounts which we can ignore
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we're interested in this stuff below the line Tumble's revenue and expenses which are their income statement accounts
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the basic income statement is Tumble's revenue minus its expenses in this case they earned 60 million dollars in revenue and incurred 50,350,000 dollars in expenses
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that leaves them with 9,650,000 dollars in profit baby but how do we make the detailed income statement
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the method is pretty much the same if we go back to Tumble's adjusted trial balance then all we need to do is categorize their expenses like we did before cost of sales is a direct operating cost general, administrative, selling, marketing, depreciation and amortization
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are all indirect operating costs and finally interest and tax expenses are indirect non-operating costs but please please be careful with depreciation and amortization if the long-term assets that they relate to
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aren't used in operations then these would also be indirect non-operating costs in this video I'm assuming that they are used in operations right that's the hard bit out the way
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all we need to do now is lift these numbers out of the adjusted trial balance and put them in the corresponding sections of the income statement that leaves us with a revenue of 60 million dollars just like before
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less 17.5 million dollars in cost of sales which is a direct operating cost which gives us a gross profit of 42.5 million dollars then we deduct indirect operating costs
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to reach an operating profit of 10,450,000 dollars and below that we subtract the indirect non-operating costs
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interest and tax which leaves Tumble with a net profit of nine million six hundred and fifty thousand dollars on the bottom line
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shout out to all of my channel members for your support in the next videos I'll show you how to make a balance sheet and a cash flow statement in the same way I'll see you then
📺 Stesso Canale
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “The INCOME STATEMENT for BEGINNERS”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: statement, balance, income, operating, cost. Questo video contiene 25 frasi e 784 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:04. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 155 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| indirect aggettivo | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | indiretto |
| adjust verbo | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | adattare, adeguare |
| subtract verbo | /səbˈtɹækt/ | sottrarre |
| summarize verbo | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | riassumere |
| amortization sostantivo | /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/ | ammortamento |
| depreciation sostantivo | /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/ | ammortamento |
| categorize verbo | /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/ | categorizzare |
| deduct verbo | /dɪˈdʌkt/ | defalcare, detrarre |
| correspond verbo | /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/ | corrispondere |
| debit sostantivo | /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ | addebito |
| overhead sostantivo | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | costi di gestione |
| minus | /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ | meno |
| arrange verbo | /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ | disporre, ordinare |
| subscribe verbo | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | abbonarsi |
| shout verbo | /ʃaʊt/ | gridare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| take away verbo | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | togliere |
| check out verbo | investigare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | revenue which is · balance which means · expenses which are |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | been posted · was run · are usually arranged |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 18 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I'll, I'm, we'll. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/, shout /ʃaʊt/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: indirect /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/, adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/, subtract /səbˈtɹækt/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: subtract /səbˈtɹækt/, amortization /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come indirect, adjust, subtract.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.