Pratique du Shadowing: How can you legally fly a plane designed in 1910? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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96 phrases
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In 1910, a few years after their first flight, the Wright brothers started to sell aircraft.
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The Model B wasn't some experimental prototype or a custom build.
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These were made to order.
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About a hundred of them.
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For civilians and the US military.
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Only two of those aircraft survive.
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One of them is on display near here at the US Air Force Museum in Dayton, Ohio.
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And the other one...
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The other one is also a display of the museum because this is not the original.
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This is a look-alike.
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Designed to look as close as possible to the original, albeit safe to fly with passengers in the 21st century.
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So we're going to head up to about 1,000 feet.
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And obviously I have some questions, but given it's a little bit windy up here, I thought it might be best to ask those down on the ground.
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We went with a look-alike because there are actual replicas.
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People have built very close to scale replicas of a 1911, 1910 Wright Flyer, but they found the same problems the Wrights did.
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The airplane isn't exactly what you call reliable.
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Very often it crashed, and frankly we don't want to have to fix our airplane after every flight.
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We don't like the crash word, so we built out of modern materials with modern building techniques so that we could fly on a frequent basis.
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we'd like to be able to land the airplane and put somebody else on it and continue flying.
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This is amazing!
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I can see why you're wearing the mask.
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My cheek is just right racing.
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The airplane is very, very close to what a 1911 Wright B Flyer would have looked like.
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Once you get 100, 200 feet away from it, if we overfly people, a 1911 Wright Flyer is what you see.
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We're trying to recreate what people in 1911 Dayton, Ohio would have seen if Orville or Wilbur had flown over top of them.
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And when you're inside the airplane, this is not an open cockpit airplane.
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This is a no cockpit airplane.
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You are literally sitting in front of the wing
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and experiencing flight the way that people did at the early turn of the century.
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So this does use steel and aluminium, sorry, aluminum, but the parts inside the wing are still wooden, just like they were in the original.
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And these wings are covered in fabric like the original, although these days it's from material science fabric.
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There are a few other changes too, like how you steer.
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The Wrights knew that in order to roll the airplane, they had to change the lift of each wing.
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They literally just twisted the wings.
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The wood would bend inside the airplane had the small tray that they sat on.
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And when they shifted their body, there was wires that were hooked to the ends of the wing.
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And that would twist each wing in opposite directions to be able to give them that lift differential.
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The replicas that have flown have done that.
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It's incredibly difficult to be able to control.
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So to be able to get something where you can safely and repeatedly do that is very, very, very challenging.
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And that's why we went with the ailerons.
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And here's the thing.
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That original Model B that's hanging in the Air Force Museum, it was modified the exact same way.
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The folks who bought it realized that ailerons are far, far better than wing warping, so they've retrofitted it.
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The Wrights actually started out as bicycle engineers, if you will.
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They were bicycle mechanics, so they were very familiar with chains, and when they realized they could only have one engine
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but they needed two propellers to generate the thrust that they needed to overcome the weight, They very quickly realized a single chain going to each propeller.
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One of them is inverted so that you have counter-rotating propellers was the way to do it.
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So we've done the same thing on our airplane.
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We have one engine and we have two propellers that are driven by, frankly, a very, very, very strong and very industrial chain.
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Yes, it looks like a bicycle chain, but when you get up close to it, we've got a pretty, pretty solid chain on this airplane for very good reasons good reasons.
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We have a Lycoming IO390, probably the largest four-cylinder general aviation engine that we could get to put on the airplane.
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So rated at 210 horsepower.
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The Wrights had anywhere from 32 to around 40 horsepower, but sometimes you got a little less, sometimes you got a little more because they were all hand-built.
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So here's the big question I had.
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How do you convince the U.S.
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Federal Aviation Administration to sign off on a brand new plane with what is basically a brand new design.
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The answer is start small, work up, and eventually get enough flight hours that they're sure it's safe.
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It actually flies much like any other conventional general aviation airplane, except for the fact that you're not sitting inside of the airplane when you fly.
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You and I are both part of the drag equation of this airplane.
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You are impacting the drag of the airplane when you stick your hand out and wave.
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She's got a personality to her, and that's why we're required to go through the flight test process, because the FAA knows the airplane is going to have a personality.
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The FAA has a very rigorous process when you're building even an experimental airplane.
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We loaded the wings down with salt bags to simulate the load of 3.5 Gs.
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So the airplane we know can pull 3.5 Gs.
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You're never going to see 3.5 Gs in this airplane.
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We've been up to maybe 1.2 G's in a 30 degree bank turn.
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And that's about as steep as we're gonna go because we don't need to do anything more than that.
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So maybe we over-engineered the airplane, but to me, when I'm flying it, that's the kind of stuff I'm really interested in having underneath me.
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I'd like to think that somewhere down there, as we come into left, there's a kid just looking out the window and going...
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We get a lot of head turning.
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We get a lot of waves as we go by.
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We're trying to preserve early aviation history.
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I've been airborne and I've looked down and there's another airplane flying underneath of me.
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And that's just a view that you don't get from many other airplanes.
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There was one more story that I had to put in this video though, and it is the greatest name drop that I've ever heard in my life.
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Our original airplane, we call the Brown Bird.
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It first flew in 1982.
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It has flown over 5,100 passengers over the years.
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Really fun to fly, but we're going with something now that's a little bit more advanced
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and a little bit easier to move around.
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Oh, that was smooth.
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That was one of my better ones.
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I figured if I might can't run, I better not screw this up.
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A lot of people that have come out over the years have said, hey, I'm a pilot, I've got years of experience, I would really like to fly your airplane.
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And we don't let other people fly the airplane.
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And it's very difficult to fly the airplane.
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We did make an exception once, about 15 years ago.
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We took a look at his credentials, and we thought, okay, you know what, we're going to give this gentleman a chance.
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It was impressive how well he could control the airplane.
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His name happened to be Neil Armstrong.
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So we've told other people, if you've walked on the moon, we'll probably let you come fly our airplane.
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But until then, you know, we're just going to kind of take you for a ride when we take you flying.
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Thank you.
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Thank you so, so much.
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That was incredible.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How can you legally fly a plane designed in 1910? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : airplane, wing, Wright, fly, original. Cette vidéo contient 96 phrases et 1326 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:08. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 186 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| airplane nom | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | avion, aéroplane |
| propeller nom | /pɹəˈpɛl.ə/ | hélice |
| aviation nom | /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/ | aviation |
| replica nom | /ˈɹɛplɪkə/ | réplique, copie exacte |
| bicycle nom | /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ | vélo, bicyclette |
| aileron nom | /ˈeɪləɹɑn/ | aileron |
| horsepower nom | /ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/ | cheval-vapeur |
| frankly adverbe | /fɹæŋkli/ | franchement |
| underneath adverbe | /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/ | dessous |
| alike adjectif | /əˈlaɪk/ | semblable, pareil |
| credential nom | /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/ | accréditation |
| invert verbe | /ɪnˈvɜɹt/ | invertir |
| overfly verbe | survoler | |
| simulate verbe | /ˈsɪm.jə.lət/ | simuler |
| recreate verbe | /ˈɹɛk.ɹi.eɪt/ | se réjouir |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| get up verbe | se lever |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| hand out verbe | distribuer |
| look out verbe | prendre garde |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- The airplane isn't exactly what you call reliable.
- I can see why you're wearing the mask.
- We're trying to preserve early aviation history.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have built · have flown · they've retrofitted |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | were made · are covered · was modified |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 39 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, don't, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, thrust /θɹʌst/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/, differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ], equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: aviation /ˌeɪ̯.viːˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, aluminium /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/, differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ], aluminum /əˈlu.mɪ.nəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: cheek /t͡ʃiːk/, gentleman /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, propeller /pɹəˈpɛl.ə/, replica /ˈɹɛplɪkə/, aileron /ˈeɪləɹɑn/, horsepower /ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme airplane, propeller, aviation.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.