Pratique du Shadowing: Why US Stocks May ‘Grind Higher’ - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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This is The Markets.
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I'm Mike Washington.
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Today is Wednesday, August 5th, and I'm on the Goldman Sachs equities trading floor, joined by Ashok Baradon, the co-head of global banking and markets at Goldman Sachs.
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Ashok, it's great to have you.
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Yeah, it's good to be here again.
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I got to tell you, there's a ton going on right now.
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I feel like there's a bunch of different ways that we could take this conversation, but I want to start on AI and momentum.
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You were on this podcast back in Q4 of 2025.
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You said that stocks are going higher and AI specifically was going higher.
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We just had one of the most violent momentum drawdowns in history last week to a V-shaped recovery in tech, and S&P sits at all-time highs.
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Do you feel like this is the setup that markets could continue to grind higher on the go forward, or is there a wall of worry that we still have to get over?
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I think we probably grind higher.
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I'd say, obviously, July was a difficult month for markets, I'd say, across a bunch of variety of different things.
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I'd say, first, obviously, the war re-escalated, and that obviously created some trepidation in the market.
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There was obviously nervousness that the Fed could potentially hike rates, and that created, you know, an item on the wall of worry.
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And then, of course, you know, that kind of related to and kind of somewhat unrelated to, like you said, the violent tech momentum unwind that we saw.
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And I think sort of all of those things, not just the tech momentum unwind, but I think all of those things kind of hit something like a recovery towards the latter part of July.
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And so it feels like, you know, signals are a little bit clear ahead.
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I'd also say is clearly it's well documented that there was a lot of leverage in the AI trade.
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And I think a lot of that leverage has been unwound, which leads for a higher quality rally going forward.
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One feature of 2026 has been that single stock vol relative to index vol is stretched.
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The spread is very high.
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What do you make of that?
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Is that a feature that is going to continue into the end of 2026?
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Or do you start to see that revert where index vol starts to match what you're seeing on the single stock side?
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I think we're going to still see high levels of dispersion.
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I don't know if it's going to be as extreme as what we saw.
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In fact, what's interesting is given all of the things that transpired in the month of July, the S&P was unchanged.
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So that gives you a sense of the stability that you're seeing at the index level, but the variance that you're seeing on the single stock level.
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I think that's likely to continue because of this AI theme affects companies so differently, whether you're in the supply side of the chain,
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whether you're a consumer of AI, whether you're a hyperscaler.
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I think there are so many different facets that affect sort of the perception of your company on a go-forward basis.
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So that's likely to continue.
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That being said, I think we've probably seen the extremes of dispersion.
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You mentioned the Fed.
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You mentioned some of these cross-currents of what the interest rate environment is looking like.
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We came into the year expecting cuts.
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It doesn't feel like we're getting that at all.
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Actually, we're probably going to get a hike by the end of the year
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if you look at what the market's pricing in.
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What do you make of that?
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What do you make of the interest rate path on the go-forward?
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I don't think we will see hikes in the latter part of this year.
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I think rates are going to stay on hold.
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I know that's a little bit counter consensus or that's not consistent with what you're seeing in market pricing.
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But my view is that a lot of the things
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which caused inflation to be elevated are a little bit in the rearview mirror,
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obviously with respect to tariffs and also if you believe that we're on the precipice of getting a deal, certainly around the Strait of Hormuz.
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I'd also say that, you know, while the AI infra build out, you know, can put pressure on resources and,
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you know, stoke some inflation fears over the long run.
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I do think it's, you know, once the infra is built, it's fairly disinflationary.
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I want to double click on that AI infra that you just mentioned,
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in particular to credit, if you put your credit lens on as hyperscalers,
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companies are having to tap into debt markets to now finance some of these AI investments.
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Are you surprised that credit spreads have remained tight in light of that?
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And then to a second point, you don't expect rate hikes this year.
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Do you think that that actually presents a really constructive backdrop for credit?
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I'm fairly constructive on credit.
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That being said, we're seeing a lot of supply.
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And I think with that supply, there needs to be a little bit more of a risk premium or a little bit more of a concession.
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I think you're seeing that.
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I think part of the reason why credit spreads are not
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moving out wildly is the actual underlying nominal economy has proved itself incredibly resilient despite some of these exogenous shocks.
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And so if you think the exogenous shocks are going away and you still have the resilience of the economy,
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I think you can still say that your sort of realized expectation of default remains fairly low.
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On the currency side, there was some yen intervention last week to stabilize Asian markets.
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How do you factor the risk that is posed
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if the yen destabilizes in the way that potentially people are starting to fear.
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Coming out of the pandemic, and certainly over the course of the last three or four years, you've seen inflation all around the globe running above stated central bank targets.
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I think you've seen normalization in the U.S., you've seen normalization in Europe, whether that be in Eurozone or in the U.K., and you haven't seen meaningful normalization in Japan.
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And that's the reason why the yen is trading weak.
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I don't really believe in intervention.
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I don't think it works over the longer run.
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I think ultimately to see stabilization in the end, the Bank of Japan is going to have to normalize rates properly.
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That makes a ton of sense.
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We've talked currencies.
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We've talked credit.
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We've talked equities, rates.
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If you had to package it up into one trade right now, what's the trade?
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Well, I think there are a couple of different things.
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I think, one, I think energy is going to go back down.
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I think oil settles back down well below $70 a barrel, maybe even lower once we get towards the latter part of the year.
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I think that that makes me very constructive on front-end yields in the U.S.
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I think, you know, if you look at hikes priced in, I think that's fairly attractive.
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And like I said before, I think that leads for a backdrop in which sort of the overall market is going to really participate in both, you know, the productivity gains from AI,
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but also a resilient economy.
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Which I also think underscores your probably broader thesis that markets are headed higher.
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There's a really constructive backdrop.
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Growth is strong.
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You just look at this earnings period and we should continue to grind higher into your end.
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Yeah, I'd say stay invested.
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Stay invested would be my advice.
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Which was your thesis in Q4 and you were right.
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Stay invested.
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Okay, Ashok, what are you watching moving forward?
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We have a jobs report, which I want to pay a lot of attention to.
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And of course, we get more readings on inflation.
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Those are the two pieces of the puzzle that we don't have.
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And so we'll be paying close attention to that.
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Awesome.
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Ashok, it's always great to have you here.
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Thank you.
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And that does it for this week's episode of The Markets.
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I'm Mike Washington.
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Thanks for listening.
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The opinions and views expressed herein are as of the date of publication, subject to change without notice and may not necessarily reflect the institutional views of Goldman Sachs or its affiliates.
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The material provided is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a recommendation from any Goldman Sachs entity to take any particular action,
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or an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any securities or financial products.
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This material may contain forward-looking statements.
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Past performance is not indicative of future results.
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Neither Goldman Sachs nor any of its affiliates make any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the statements or information contained herein,
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and disclaim any liability whatsoever for reliance on such information for any purpose.
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Each name of a third-party organization mentioned is the property of the company to which it relates, is used here strictly for informational and identification purposes only,
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and is not used to imply any ownership or license rights between any such company and Goldman Sachs.
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A transcript is provided for convenience and may differ from the original video or audio content.
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Goldman Sachs is not responsible for any errors in the transcript.
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This material should not be copied, distributed, published, or reproduced in whole or in part, or disclosed by any recipient to any other person without the express written consent of Goldman Sachs.
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Copyright 2026, Goldman Sachs.
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All rights reserved.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why US Stocks May ‘Grind Higher’ ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Sachs, Goldman, credit, rate, higher. Cette vidéo contient 119 phrases et 1642 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:44. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 212 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| hike nom | /haɪk/ | randonnée |
| constructive adjectif | /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/ | constructif |
| momentum nom | /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ | quantité de mouvement |
| normalization nom | /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | normalisation |
| unwind verbe | /ʌnˈwaɪnd/ | démêler |
| backdrop nom | /ˈbæk.dɹɑp/ | décor, toile de fond |
| grind verbe | /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ | moudre, piler |
| dispersion nom | /dɪˈspɜːʒən/ | dispersion |
| exogenous adjectif | /ɛkˈsɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ | exogène |
| informational adjectif | /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃənəl/ | informationnel |
| resilient adjectif | /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/ | résilient |
| herein adverbe | /hɪɹˈɪn/ | ci-dedans |
| transcript nom | /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/ | transcription |
| imply verbe | /ɪmˈplaɪ/ | impliquer |
| leverage nom | /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | effet de levier |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| get over verbe | surmonter |
| go away verbe | partir, s'en aller |
| go back verbe | rentrer, retourner |
| move out verbe | déménager |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Ashok, it's great to have you.
- What do you make of that?
- It doesn't feel like we're getting that at all.
- I'm fairly constructive on credit.
- That being said, we're seeing a lot of supply.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · we've probably seen · have remained |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is stretched · is given · being said |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 39 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, don't, I'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: normalization /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/, dispersion /dɪˈspɜːʒən/, informational /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃənəl/, solicitation /səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən/, stabilization /ˌsteɪ.bəl.ɪzˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/, normalization /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/, exogenous /ɛkˈsɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/, informational /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃənəl/, affiliate /əˈfɪl.i.eɪt/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hike /haɪk/, herein /hɪɹˈɪn/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: exogenous /ɛkˈsɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, unchanged /ʌnˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒd/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/, normalization /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/, backdrop /ˈbæk.dɹɑp/, grind /ˈɡɹaɪnd/, resilient /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme hike, constructive, momentum.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.